Hepatitis C Essay -- essays research papers

Hepatitis C has been referred to as a "Silent Epidemic," since it usually progresses slowly over galore(postnominal) years. Most raft who are give with hepatitis C are not aware of any noticeable symptoms for as long as one to two decades after they are infected. In fact, by the time symptoms appear, the computer virus has probably already begun to damage the liver-colored. If the liver is injured and stops functioning, death lead always be the conclusion (Lieber). Liver failure from chronic hepatitis C is one of the most common causes of liver transplants in the United States.Hepatitis C is an inflammation of the livers cells and tissues caused by the hepatitis C virus (HCV).Hepatitis C virus is gillyflower-borne, which means it is spread through blood and blood products (Grady). After the discovery of hepatitis A virus in 1973 and hepatitis B in 1963, any cases of acute or chronic hepatitis or cirrhosis without identifiable causes were placed into the category of no n-A non-B (NANB) hepatitis(Palmer108) . In 1989, a major breakthrough regarding this shadowy and intriguing disease occurred, the hepatitis C virus was identified. Now, most hepatitis C viruses are believed to be the viruses responsible for about 90 percent of all cases of NANB.According to the U.S. Centers for affection Control and Prevention, approximately 1.8% of the U.S. population, or 3.9 million Americans, have been infected with this chronic blood-borne virus. About 50,000 new cases of hepatitis C are estimated to occur in the United States all(prenominal) year. Without proper and effective treatment the death rate is expected to triple in the next fifteen years (Turkington 9). Seventy-five percent of those infected with the virus will let chronic hepatitis and half of those concourse will develop cirrhosis of the liverDue to the fact that Hepatitis C is blood-borne there are many ways a person can contract HCV, and many types of people who are more prone to it than othe rs. The most effective mode of transmission is when an infected persons blood gets into the bloodstream of another person. HCV can only enter the bloodstream by first getting through the protective covering skin, this is called percutaneous route. parkland routes of infection include needle stick accidents among healthcare workers, shared needles that are used during body piercing, injecting illegal drugs, and tattooing (Turkington 19).Another common ... ...eek so many people ignore them and go back to their normal lives. Once most people sustain infected with acute hepatitis C and are untreated, patient will develop chronic hepatitis. In fact 85 percent of infected people develop chronic hepatitis C (Palmer 118).Chronic hepatitis can lead to cirrhosis of the liver, liver failure, and liver cancer (Hoofnagle). If Chronic hepatitis does not reverse itself, and a liver transplant is not done the liver will shrink, the kidneys will fail, and the patient will lapse into a coma (Bushie ). The main symptom for chronic hepatitis in jaundice. The result is the yellowish appearance of the skin and eyes and the urine will become a brownish color (Leiber). Many patients have complained of red itchy rash on their bodies and pain in their lung and abdominal areas (Bushie). The limbs often swell, and many hump brain fogs, where they forget what is happening around them. There are many symptoms that hepatitis C shares with other viruses, this is what makes it difficult to diagnose. After the diagnosis is made from the necessary blood tests, the doctor will perform a liver biopsy to determine the extent of inflammation and damage in the liver.

The Woman’s Christian Temperance Union and the Creation of a Politicize

The Womans Christian Temperance Union and the Creation of a Politicized Female Reform civilisationIn 1879, a group of evangelical churchwomen, all members of the Illinois Womans Christian Temperance Union (WCTU), presented to their state legislature a massive require asking that Illinois women be granted the right to vote. The architect of this ambitious petition campaign, which resulted in 180,000 signatures of support, was Frances Willard, then president of the Illinois WCTU. In using her position as a prominent WCTU leader to agitate for enfranchisement of women, Willard went against the express commands of the National WCTU and its president, Annie Wittenmeyer, who had made clear only one year earlier that the WCTU would not involve itself in any way with the suffrage movement. Willards efforts to build support for suffrage within the WCTU were only a part of a larger pattern of change. During the 1880s, WCTU members constructed a highly politicized womens clean up close that supported both womens enfranchisement and policy-making partisanship. This essay looks at the first four years of this culture through some of the people and events that were most crucial to its growth. Founded in 1874, the late nineteenth century WCTU quickly became one of the most powerful reform organizations in the United States. By the mid-1880s, the WCTU boasted a membership near 100,000 and chapters in every state and territory, making it the first truly national womens organization in the country. The size and influence of the WCTU during this period was unprecedented no other womens reform organization had ever had its power and scope. For the first time, tens of thousands of women were entering the public region as agitators a... ...oliticalparticularly in the South and, to a lesser extent, in small towns in the Norththe national chapters unswerving devotion to politicized reform created a culture that encompassedbut minimally infringed uponeven non-political W CTUs.Although temperance womens alliance with the Prohibition party failed to result in their enfranchisement, or in a influential political party led by women, (the partys influence peaked in 1884, and by 1892 it was once again of negligible political importance), the WCTU nevertheless helped shape a distinct political sphere for women. And the extensive amount of moral legislation that WCTU women successfully agitated for at the state and topical anaesthetic levels, such as prohibition, blue laws, age of consent, school suffrage for women, and scientific temperance education in public schools is evidence of how strong that culture was.

Risk Management and Prevention at a Medical Facility Essay -- Medical

chance Management assay management is defined as a program directed toward identifying of, evaluating of, and taking corrective action against potential risks that could lead to injury of patients, staff, or visitors. It is a plan program of loss measure and liability control, and its main purpose is to identify, analyze, and evaluate risks and then to develop a plan for reducing the frequency and severity of accidents and injuries (Decker and Sullivan, 2001). Risk management is a round-the-clock daily program of detection, education, and intervention. This paper depart describe the risk management issues at Great River Medical Center as they pertain to medication errors, and will describe the methods that are currently taking place to address this issue.Identifying Potential RiskIdentifying potential risks for accident, injury, or financial loss requires formal and informal confabulation that involves all organizational departments in the facility. The risk management departme nt at Great River Medical Center conducted on ingest on medication errors in the facility during preparation for a JACHO inspection. During this study, they discovered that medication errors had increased steadily over a 2 year period, and that many an(prenominal) of them were because of illegibility reasons. The two most communal legibility reasons included reading the initial order and reading the medication on the hand written medication sheet. fit to Michael R. Cohen, MS, FASHP, from the Institute for Safe practice of medicine Practices, poor handwriting is the pencil lead cause of medication errors. Poor handwriting can blur the distinction between two medications that have similar names. And, many drug names sound similar, especially when spoken over the telephone, enunciated poorly, or mispronounced.At Great River Medical Center, this was also name to be one of the leading causes of medication errors. The inability of the nurse to read the written order and the inabil ity to read the written medication sheet accounted for 20 % of the medication errors at GRMC. new(prenominal) reasons for medication errors at GRMC include the following Incomplete patient information (not knowing ab knocked out(p) patients allergies other medicines they are taking, forward diagnoses, and lab results, for example) Unavailable drug information (such as lack of up-to-date warnings) Miscommunication of drug orders,... ...ch new implementation process. With the use of the Omni Cell dispensers, computerized order entry, and the electronic medical exam record, the hospital has seen a reduction of errors and near misses at approximately 75%. Along with this great statistic, also comes peace of mind to an already stressed out and over worked staff, that wants to provide the outstrip care possible for the patients.ReferencesAnonymous, (2004). Nursing BC. Vol.36, Iss.5 pg.33, Vancover. Retrieved declination 18, 2004 from www.proquest.com. concern Wire, ( 2004). Hospitalist Physicians Partner with Clinical Pharmacists to Improve Patient Outcomes, Reduce music Errors. Business Wire, pg. 1, New York. Retrieved December 19, 2004 from www.proquest.com.Davis, J.L. and Smith, M. (2002). Medication Errors Rampant in Hospitals. WebMD Medical News. Retrieved on December 20, 2004 from www.mywebmd.com. Institute for Safe Medication Practices, (2004). Measuring Medication Safety, retrieved on December 19,2004 from www.ismp.org.Stein, R. (2004). Automated Systems For Drugs Examined Report Computers net Add to Errors. The Washington Post, pg. A03. Retrieved December 20, 2004 from www.proquest.com. Risk Management and Prevention at a Medical Facility Essay -- Medical Risk ManagementRisk management is defined as a program directed toward identifying of, evaluating of, and taking corrective action against potential risks that could lead to injury of patients, staff, or visitors. It is a planned program of loss prevention and liabili ty control, and its main purpose is to identify, analyze, and evaluate risks and then to develop a plan for reducing the frequency and severity of accidents and injuries (Decker and Sullivan, 2001). Risk management is a continuous daily program of detection, education, and intervention. This paper will describe the risk management issues at Great River Medical Center as they pertain to medication errors, and will describe the methods that are currently taking place to address this issue.Identifying Potential RiskIdentifying potential risks for accident, injury, or financial loss requires formal and informal communication that involves all organizational departments in the facility. The risk management department at Great River Medical Center conducted on study on medication errors in the facility during preparation for a JACHO inspection. During this study, they discovered that medication errors had increased steadily over a 2 year period, and that many of them were because of illeg ibility reasons. The two most common legibility reasons included reading the initial order and reading the medication on the hand written medication sheet.According to Michael R. Cohen, MS, FASHP, from the Institute for Safe Medication Practices, poor handwriting is the leading cause of medication errors. Poor handwriting can blur the distinction between two medications that have similar names. And, many drug names sound similar, especially when spoken over the telephone, enunciated poorly, or mispronounced.At Great River Medical Center, this was also found to be one of the leading causes of medication errors. The inability of the nurse to read the written order and the inability to read the written medication sheet accounted for 20 % of the medication errors at GRMC. Other reasons for medication errors at GRMC include the following Incomplete patient information (not knowing about patients allergies other medicines they are taking, previous diagnoses, and lab results, for examp le) Unavailable drug information (such as lack of up-to-date warnings) Miscommunication of drug orders,... ...ch new implementation process. With the use of the Omni Cell dispensers, computerized order entry, and the electronic medical record, the hospital has seen a reduction of errors and near misses at approximately 75%. Along with this great statistic, also comes peace of mind to an already stressed out and over worked staff, that wants to provide the best care possible for the patients.ReferencesAnonymous, (2004). Nursing BC. Vol.36, Iss.5 pg.33, Vancover. Retrieved December 18, 2004 from www.proquest.com. Business Wire, (2004). Hospitalist Physicians Partner with Clinical Pharmacists to Improve Patient Outcomes, Reduce Medication Errors. Business Wire, pg. 1, New York. Retrieved December 19, 2004 from www.proquest.com.Davis, J.L. and Smith, M. (2002). Medication Errors Rampant in Hospitals. WebMD Medical News. Retrieved on December 20, 2004 from www.mywebmd.com. Ins titute for Safe Medication Practices, (2004). Measuring Medication Safety, retrieved on December 19,2004 from www.ismp.org.Stein, R. (2004). Automated Systems For Drugs Examined Report Computers Can Add to Errors. The Washington Post, pg. A03. Retrieved December 20, 2004 from www.proquest.com.

My Life :: Essays Papers

My LifeSome people may be writing this essay not so much about themselves, however about the things that they do or the activities they enjoy. Ex. I listen to this band The Obnoxious Yellers, they are so great they yell and scream and its great music, I went to their plan the other day too it was so fun we got cotton candy and crown surfed and everything. This is not an essay about the writer, it is about someone else, and somew here(predicate) else. I intend on informing whoever is going to read this piece of who I am, why I am, what I am, and what I intend to become.I was born in Brooklyn, NY. I lived there for 2 years before moving to Greenwich, CT. Until now I never rightfully thought much of the town, for I never really had a glimpse of any other aspect of living. Then through my adolescence, which technically I am still in, I traveled, for vacation and just for plain curiosity. I took the train to Philadelphia when I was 13 just to see what it was like, and returned later t hat day with a more enlightened state of mind. I control make the same for many towns through the years, and come to appreciate the surrounding that I live in now. It came to me when reading TIME magazine, I came upon an article that in on sentence compared one of the poorest living areas in the U.S., to one of the wealthiest ones. Compton Vs. Greenwich. After just seeing those two words together like that meant something, the writer was viewing Greenwich as top living conditions, and Im here. Weird. I like to go out at night, I like to go to parties, I like to have parties, I do not like a night without a party. This summer I worked on the weekends at 630 in the dayspring which meant that the normal person would have to wake up pretty darn early, not me I would just find the party that was going to go on the longest and stay there all night until work. Typical amount of sleep from Friday to Sunday was 4 hours. Thats what I like to do, well at least after I figured out the meanin g of life and decided not to hold anything back. Life was meant to be lived, we were not put here to work, or do anything for that matter.

Patriarchy in Jane Austens Sense and Sensibility Essay -- Jane Austen

Patriarchy in Jane Austens Sense and SensibilityDespite the fact that Jane Austen has become what Julian North describes as a bourgeois icon in popular culture signified by her depictions of traditional class and gender hierarchies, sexual propriety and Christian values, the novel _Sense and Sensibility_ provides, if not a feminist perspective, a feminist intervention lacking in Emma Thompsons film version (North 38). In this essay, I attempt to argue briefly that the novel, which ab initio seems to uphold cultural norms of sexuality and does little to question womens subaltern position, can be read to undermine the patriarchy and especially male-controlled courtship rituals. following(a) I seek to demonstrate how the films adaptation by Emma Thompson undermines its own feminist intentions to become another late 20th-century romantic-comedy prescribing a happy join to an attractive and wealthy man as a cure-all for the single womans woes (Giddings 11). Ironically the novel _S ense and Sensibility_, which many critics consider embodying the paradigm of blimpish Georgian literature, appears staunchly, if graciously, countercultural in comparison to its 20th-century film adaptation. Two features of the novel can clearly be identified as providing a feminist perspective the discourse between sense and sensibility which presents contrasting but complementary strands of female temperament and the sisterly bond that provides the Dashwood women with a self-sustaining, if only temporary, method of resistance to an necessarily encroaching patriarchy. Often linked to post-revolutionary ideological tumult, the triumph of sense over sensibility in the novel has spurred critics to identify it both as a extreme right-winger vi... ... Novel The Theory and Practice of Literary Dramatization_. New York St. Martins Press, 1990.Kaplan, Deborah. Mass Marketing Jane Austen Men, Women, and Courtship in Two Film Adaptations. _Jane Austen in Ho llywood_, ed. Linda Troost and Sayre Greenfield. Lexington U of Ky. P, 2001.North, Julian. hidebound Austen, Radical Austen Sense and Sensibility from Text to Screen. _Adaptations from Text to Screen, Screen to Text_, ed. Deborah Cardwell and Imelda Whelehan. London Routledge, 1999._Sense and Senibility_. Dir. Ang Lee. Perf. Emma Thompson, Hugh Grant, Kate Winslett. 1995.Whelehan, Imelda. Adaptations The Contemporary Dilemmas. _Adaptations from Text to Screen, Screen to Text_, ed. Deborah Cardwell and Imelda Whelehan. London Routledge, 1999.

Movie Review: Fight Club Essay -- essays research papers

I Am Jacks PaperThe image Fight Club shakes the foundations of our democratic nation, spits on our capitalist society, and makes all who watch it look at the American way of life differently. In a dry land driven by consumption, one can imagine the movie Fight Club rubs certain people the wrong way. When Edward Norton was asked why he decided to deem the role as the main character in Fight Club, he replied, to piss off America.Each American since childhood has been told repeatedly that democracy equals liberty, notwithstanding is this true? The only difference between capitalism and socialism is that corporations own everything in a capitalist society. In America the things you own end up owning you. Corporate America gives Americans a television in every home, a car in every driveway, and a Wal-Mart in every town. They call this freedom and freedom shall rain. This new breed of social democracy, an evolution of democracy where private enterprise controls Big Brother, is spreadi ng through the world, infesting and exploiting every country and every government, from the sweatshops of fundamental America to the oilfields of Iraq corporate America is slowly choking the world, one McDonalds at a time.Consumerism is the drive shaft of our generation, the fuel that pushes kids through college, and hope that one daytime we can have all the things seen in magazines and on TV. The dream of owning a house in the suburbs with a white picket fence and a SUV set in the driveway. Advertising h...

Movie Review: Fight Club Essay -- essays research papers

I Am Jacks PaperThe movie Fight Club shakes the foundations of our democratic nation, spits on our capitalist society, and makes all who watch it look at the Ameri asshole way of life differently. In a country driven by consumption, one can imagine the movie Fight Club rubs certain people the wrong way. When Edward Norton was asked why he decided to take the role as the main typeface in Fight Club, he replied, to piss off America.Each American since childhood has been told repeatedly that democracy equals freedom, but is this true? The only difference betwixt capitalism and companionableism is that corporations own everything in a capitalist society. In America the things you own end up owning you. Corporate America gives Americans a television system in every home, a car in every driveway, and a Wal-Mart in every town. They call this freedom and freedom shall rain. This new breed of social democracy, an evolution of democracy where private enterprise controls Big Brother, is spr eading through the world, infesting and exploiting every country and every government, from the sweatshops of Central America to the oilfields of Iraq corporate America is slow choking the world, one McDonalds at a time.Consumerism is the drive shaft of our generation, the fuel that pushes kids through college, and hope that one day we can have all the things seen in magazines and on TV. The dream of owning a house in the suburbs with a white picket fence and a SUV parked in the driveway. Advertising h...