The Woman’s Christian Temperance Union and the Creation of a Politicize

The Womans Christian Temperance Union and the Creation of a Politicized Female Reform civilisationIn 1879, a group of evangelical churchwomen, all members of the Illinois Womans Christian Temperance Union (WCTU), presented to their state legislature a massive require asking that Illinois women be granted the right to vote. The architect of this ambitious petition campaign, which resulted in 180,000 signatures of support, was Frances Willard, then president of the Illinois WCTU. In using her position as a prominent WCTU leader to agitate for enfranchisement of women, Willard went against the express commands of the National WCTU and its president, Annie Wittenmeyer, who had made clear only one year earlier that the WCTU would not involve itself in any way with the suffrage movement. Willards efforts to build support for suffrage within the WCTU were only a part of a larger pattern of change. During the 1880s, WCTU members constructed a highly politicized womens clean up close that supported both womens enfranchisement and policy-making partisanship. This essay looks at the first four years of this culture through some of the people and events that were most crucial to its growth. Founded in 1874, the late nineteenth century WCTU quickly became one of the most powerful reform organizations in the United States. By the mid-1880s, the WCTU boasted a membership near 100,000 and chapters in every state and territory, making it the first truly national womens organization in the country. The size and influence of the WCTU during this period was unprecedented no other womens reform organization had ever had its power and scope. For the first time, tens of thousands of women were entering the public region as agitators a... ...oliticalparticularly in the South and, to a lesser extent, in small towns in the Norththe national chapters unswerving devotion to politicized reform created a culture that encompassedbut minimally infringed uponeven non-political W CTUs.Although temperance womens alliance with the Prohibition party failed to result in their enfranchisement, or in a influential political party led by women, (the partys influence peaked in 1884, and by 1892 it was once again of negligible political importance), the WCTU nevertheless helped shape a distinct political sphere for women. And the extensive amount of moral legislation that WCTU women successfully agitated for at the state and topical anaesthetic levels, such as prohibition, blue laws, age of consent, school suffrage for women, and scientific temperance education in public schools is evidence of how strong that culture was.

Risk Management and Prevention at a Medical Facility Essay -- Medical

chance Management assay management is defined as a program directed toward identifying of, evaluating of, and taking corrective action against potential risks that could lead to injury of patients, staff, or visitors. It is a plan program of loss measure and liability control, and its main purpose is to identify, analyze, and evaluate risks and then to develop a plan for reducing the frequency and severity of accidents and injuries (Decker and Sullivan, 2001). Risk management is a round-the-clock daily program of detection, education, and intervention. This paper depart describe the risk management issues at Great River Medical Center as they pertain to medication errors, and will describe the methods that are currently taking place to address this issue.Identifying Potential RiskIdentifying potential risks for accident, injury, or financial loss requires formal and informal confabulation that involves all organizational departments in the facility. The risk management departme nt at Great River Medical Center conducted on ingest on medication errors in the facility during preparation for a JACHO inspection. During this study, they discovered that medication errors had increased steadily over a 2 year period, and that many an(prenominal) of them were because of illegibility reasons. The two most communal legibility reasons included reading the initial order and reading the medication on the hand written medication sheet. fit to Michael R. Cohen, MS, FASHP, from the Institute for Safe practice of medicine Practices, poor handwriting is the pencil lead cause of medication errors. Poor handwriting can blur the distinction between two medications that have similar names. And, many drug names sound similar, especially when spoken over the telephone, enunciated poorly, or mispronounced.At Great River Medical Center, this was also name to be one of the leading causes of medication errors. The inability of the nurse to read the written order and the inabil ity to read the written medication sheet accounted for 20 % of the medication errors at GRMC. new(prenominal) reasons for medication errors at GRMC include the following Incomplete patient information (not knowing ab knocked out(p) patients allergies other medicines they are taking, forward diagnoses, and lab results, for example) Unavailable drug information (such as lack of up-to-date warnings) Miscommunication of drug orders,... ...ch new implementation process. With the use of the Omni Cell dispensers, computerized order entry, and the electronic medical exam record, the hospital has seen a reduction of errors and near misses at approximately 75%. Along with this great statistic, also comes peace of mind to an already stressed out and over worked staff, that wants to provide the outstrip care possible for the patients.ReferencesAnonymous, (2004). Nursing BC. Vol.36, Iss.5 pg.33, Vancover. Retrieved declination 18, 2004 from www.proquest.com. concern Wire, ( 2004). Hospitalist Physicians Partner with Clinical Pharmacists to Improve Patient Outcomes, Reduce music Errors. Business Wire, pg. 1, New York. Retrieved December 19, 2004 from www.proquest.com.Davis, J.L. and Smith, M. (2002). Medication Errors Rampant in Hospitals. WebMD Medical News. Retrieved on December 20, 2004 from www.mywebmd.com. Institute for Safe Medication Practices, (2004). Measuring Medication Safety, retrieved on December 19,2004 from www.ismp.org.Stein, R. (2004). Automated Systems For Drugs Examined Report Computers net Add to Errors. The Washington Post, pg. A03. Retrieved December 20, 2004 from www.proquest.com. Risk Management and Prevention at a Medical Facility Essay -- Medical Risk ManagementRisk management is defined as a program directed toward identifying of, evaluating of, and taking corrective action against potential risks that could lead to injury of patients, staff, or visitors. It is a planned program of loss prevention and liabili ty control, and its main purpose is to identify, analyze, and evaluate risks and then to develop a plan for reducing the frequency and severity of accidents and injuries (Decker and Sullivan, 2001). Risk management is a continuous daily program of detection, education, and intervention. This paper will describe the risk management issues at Great River Medical Center as they pertain to medication errors, and will describe the methods that are currently taking place to address this issue.Identifying Potential RiskIdentifying potential risks for accident, injury, or financial loss requires formal and informal communication that involves all organizational departments in the facility. The risk management department at Great River Medical Center conducted on study on medication errors in the facility during preparation for a JACHO inspection. During this study, they discovered that medication errors had increased steadily over a 2 year period, and that many of them were because of illeg ibility reasons. The two most common legibility reasons included reading the initial order and reading the medication on the hand written medication sheet.According to Michael R. Cohen, MS, FASHP, from the Institute for Safe Medication Practices, poor handwriting is the leading cause of medication errors. Poor handwriting can blur the distinction between two medications that have similar names. And, many drug names sound similar, especially when spoken over the telephone, enunciated poorly, or mispronounced.At Great River Medical Center, this was also found to be one of the leading causes of medication errors. The inability of the nurse to read the written order and the inability to read the written medication sheet accounted for 20 % of the medication errors at GRMC. Other reasons for medication errors at GRMC include the following Incomplete patient information (not knowing about patients allergies other medicines they are taking, previous diagnoses, and lab results, for examp le) Unavailable drug information (such as lack of up-to-date warnings) Miscommunication of drug orders,... ...ch new implementation process. With the use of the Omni Cell dispensers, computerized order entry, and the electronic medical record, the hospital has seen a reduction of errors and near misses at approximately 75%. Along with this great statistic, also comes peace of mind to an already stressed out and over worked staff, that wants to provide the best care possible for the patients.ReferencesAnonymous, (2004). Nursing BC. Vol.36, Iss.5 pg.33, Vancover. Retrieved December 18, 2004 from www.proquest.com. Business Wire, (2004). Hospitalist Physicians Partner with Clinical Pharmacists to Improve Patient Outcomes, Reduce Medication Errors. Business Wire, pg. 1, New York. Retrieved December 19, 2004 from www.proquest.com.Davis, J.L. and Smith, M. (2002). Medication Errors Rampant in Hospitals. WebMD Medical News. Retrieved on December 20, 2004 from www.mywebmd.com. Ins titute for Safe Medication Practices, (2004). Measuring Medication Safety, retrieved on December 19,2004 from www.ismp.org.Stein, R. (2004). Automated Systems For Drugs Examined Report Computers Can Add to Errors. The Washington Post, pg. A03. Retrieved December 20, 2004 from www.proquest.com.

My Life :: Essays Papers

My LifeSome people may be writing this essay not so much about themselves, however about the things that they do or the activities they enjoy. Ex. I listen to this band The Obnoxious Yellers, they are so great they yell and scream and its great music, I went to their plan the other day too it was so fun we got cotton candy and crown surfed and everything. This is not an essay about the writer, it is about someone else, and somew here(predicate) else. I intend on informing whoever is going to read this piece of who I am, why I am, what I am, and what I intend to become.I was born in Brooklyn, NY. I lived there for 2 years before moving to Greenwich, CT. Until now I never rightfully thought much of the town, for I never really had a glimpse of any other aspect of living. Then through my adolescence, which technically I am still in, I traveled, for vacation and just for plain curiosity. I took the train to Philadelphia when I was 13 just to see what it was like, and returned later t hat day with a more enlightened state of mind. I control make the same for many towns through the years, and come to appreciate the surrounding that I live in now. It came to me when reading TIME magazine, I came upon an article that in on sentence compared one of the poorest living areas in the U.S., to one of the wealthiest ones. Compton Vs. Greenwich. After just seeing those two words together like that meant something, the writer was viewing Greenwich as top living conditions, and Im here. Weird. I like to go out at night, I like to go to parties, I like to have parties, I do not like a night without a party. This summer I worked on the weekends at 630 in the dayspring which meant that the normal person would have to wake up pretty darn early, not me I would just find the party that was going to go on the longest and stay there all night until work. Typical amount of sleep from Friday to Sunday was 4 hours. Thats what I like to do, well at least after I figured out the meanin g of life and decided not to hold anything back. Life was meant to be lived, we were not put here to work, or do anything for that matter.

Patriarchy in Jane Austens Sense and Sensibility Essay -- Jane Austen

Patriarchy in Jane Austens Sense and SensibilityDespite the fact that Jane Austen has become what Julian North describes as a bourgeois icon in popular culture signified by her depictions of traditional class and gender hierarchies, sexual propriety and Christian values, the novel _Sense and Sensibility_ provides, if not a feminist perspective, a feminist intervention lacking in Emma Thompsons film version (North 38). In this essay, I attempt to argue briefly that the novel, which ab initio seems to uphold cultural norms of sexuality and does little to question womens subaltern position, can be read to undermine the patriarchy and especially male-controlled courtship rituals. following(a) I seek to demonstrate how the films adaptation by Emma Thompson undermines its own feminist intentions to become another late 20th-century romantic-comedy prescribing a happy join to an attractive and wealthy man as a cure-all for the single womans woes (Giddings 11). Ironically the novel _S ense and Sensibility_, which many critics consider embodying the paradigm of blimpish Georgian literature, appears staunchly, if graciously, countercultural in comparison to its 20th-century film adaptation. Two features of the novel can clearly be identified as providing a feminist perspective the discourse between sense and sensibility which presents contrasting but complementary strands of female temperament and the sisterly bond that provides the Dashwood women with a self-sustaining, if only temporary, method of resistance to an necessarily encroaching patriarchy. Often linked to post-revolutionary ideological tumult, the triumph of sense over sensibility in the novel has spurred critics to identify it both as a extreme right-winger vi... ... Novel The Theory and Practice of Literary Dramatization_. New York St. Martins Press, 1990.Kaplan, Deborah. Mass Marketing Jane Austen Men, Women, and Courtship in Two Film Adaptations. _Jane Austen in Ho llywood_, ed. Linda Troost and Sayre Greenfield. Lexington U of Ky. P, 2001.North, Julian. hidebound Austen, Radical Austen Sense and Sensibility from Text to Screen. _Adaptations from Text to Screen, Screen to Text_, ed. Deborah Cardwell and Imelda Whelehan. London Routledge, 1999._Sense and Senibility_. Dir. Ang Lee. Perf. Emma Thompson, Hugh Grant, Kate Winslett. 1995.Whelehan, Imelda. Adaptations The Contemporary Dilemmas. _Adaptations from Text to Screen, Screen to Text_, ed. Deborah Cardwell and Imelda Whelehan. London Routledge, 1999.

Movie Review: Fight Club Essay -- essays research papers

I Am Jacks PaperThe image Fight Club shakes the foundations of our democratic nation, spits on our capitalist society, and makes all who watch it look at the American way of life differently. In a dry land driven by consumption, one can imagine the movie Fight Club rubs certain people the wrong way. When Edward Norton was asked why he decided to deem the role as the main character in Fight Club, he replied, to piss off America.Each American since childhood has been told repeatedly that democracy equals liberty, notwithstanding is this true? The only difference between capitalism and socialism is that corporations own everything in a capitalist society. In America the things you own end up owning you. Corporate America gives Americans a television in every home, a car in every driveway, and a Wal-Mart in every town. They call this freedom and freedom shall rain. This new breed of social democracy, an evolution of democracy where private enterprise controls Big Brother, is spreadi ng through the world, infesting and exploiting every country and every government, from the sweatshops of fundamental America to the oilfields of Iraq corporate America is slowly choking the world, one McDonalds at a time.Consumerism is the drive shaft of our generation, the fuel that pushes kids through college, and hope that one daytime we can have all the things seen in magazines and on TV. The dream of owning a house in the suburbs with a white picket fence and a SUV set in the driveway. Advertising h...

Movie Review: Fight Club Essay -- essays research papers

I Am Jacks PaperThe movie Fight Club shakes the foundations of our democratic nation, spits on our capitalist society, and makes all who watch it look at the Ameri asshole way of life differently. In a country driven by consumption, one can imagine the movie Fight Club rubs certain people the wrong way. When Edward Norton was asked why he decided to take the role as the main typeface in Fight Club, he replied, to piss off America.Each American since childhood has been told repeatedly that democracy equals freedom, but is this true? The only difference betwixt capitalism and companionableism is that corporations own everything in a capitalist society. In America the things you own end up owning you. Corporate America gives Americans a television system in every home, a car in every driveway, and a Wal-Mart in every town. They call this freedom and freedom shall rain. This new breed of social democracy, an evolution of democracy where private enterprise controls Big Brother, is spr eading through the world, infesting and exploiting every country and every government, from the sweatshops of Central America to the oilfields of Iraq corporate America is slow choking the world, one McDonalds at a time.Consumerism is the drive shaft of our generation, the fuel that pushes kids through college, and hope that one day we can have all the things seen in magazines and on TV. The dream of owning a house in the suburbs with a white picket fence and a SUV parked in the driveway. Advertising h...

Utopia-Religon

Thomas More wrote Utopia a few years before the Protestant Reformation, during a occlusion rife with religious instability. Not e very(prenominal) atomic number 53 trusted the corrupt Roman Catholic Church, and many Europeans looked elsewhere for their religious inspiration. Though the Utopian organized trust has some similarities with universality and Protestantism, it is an entirely unique belief system uninfluenced by the numerous European faiths of the period. The main thing the sets the utopian religion apart Is its complete religious tolerance.While every the utopian religions be monotheistic and all their god by a general Utopian term of Matthias, they disagree on who exactly Matthias is. The just now belief that is not allowed is atheism. Utopians feel that if an individual does not think that he Is responsible for his actions, and that there Is atomic number 53 Supreme Being who controls the world, then there is nada to stop him from breaking laws and causing disorder . The Utopians dont entrust in predestination like many sects of Protestantism does.All the religions meet at one church and see under the alike priest. In church one is not allowed to say anything thats offensive to another religion beca habituate of on early Utopian law saying that no one should suffer or be made uncomfortable due to his religion. A Utopian can try to convert others to their religion if they are able to infix their argument calmly and reasonably. All this is very deferent from any of the European religions, who were constantly going to war with each other In the name of god.Catholic kings would go on crusades against the Muslims Jews during the Spanish Inquisition were kicked at of their homes and persecuted for believing differently, and after the protestant reformation Catholics ND Protestants had years of bloody warfare. Even the religious leaders themselves would pull up stakes war, such as when Luther declared war on the Jews and the peasants. Religious tolerance was something that didnt come to Europe until much later. Another thing that shows the uniqueness of the utopian religion is the itinerary they elect and serve their priests. Priests are chosen by the people in a secret election.Unlike Catholics and Protestants who have numerous corrupt priests, utopians have very few, because of difficulty finding someone moral enough for the Job. The Priest Is also he highest power in the land. This is very opposite of Protestants, who believe in a priesthood of all Believers that the priest is equal to the parishioner. Priests, similar to Lutheran are allowed to marry, and their wives are treated like high members of society. Priest also cannot be punished for crime, utopians believe that someone who dedicated himself to god can only be punished by god himself and not through human hands.A widowed elderly charwoman is also allowed to become priest which is something thats not allowed by any other religion. The priest also went to war with he utopians for the purpose of Inspiring the troops, preventing excess killing, and pacifying the enemys vengeance. The utopians idolise their god in a very unique way. In church they do not sacrifice any animals because they do not think that a merciful god would enjoy senseless bloodshed. This shows how the Utopians would not have approved of the flagellant movement In the fourteenth century.The flagellants were groups of clerics that would go from town to town and whip their unadulterated skin to inspire public repentance. If the Utopians wouldnt even draw an 1 OFF animals b tort no reason they would never nave approved to hurting oneself tort a oddly purpose. The Utopians do burn incense, because they feel that the scent somehow raises peoples thoughts. They do not burn them for god because they know he has no use for such things. Similar to the Protestants the Utopians dont focus on acts of devotion. The Utopians, unlike the Catholics, have no visual representations of g od anywhere. They also dont believe in omens and fortune telling.Their calendar, like the Catholic one, is based on a solar year divided into lunar months. The Utopian religion has a confusing stance on female equality. On the one hand they allow woman to become priests which is something thats unheard of in any of the European religions, but they also make woman confess all there wrong doings to their husbands before any holiday. They give woman a chance at equality, but then also show them how they are inferior to their husbands. While this does seem paradoxical, it does offer more gender equality than any other religion. The Utopians are also hypocritical with their religious punishments.They have a law eying a priest cannot punish a sinner because that is the Job of the government. The most drastic punishment they allow the priest to give is excommunication. Yet if the excommunicated one does not convince the priest that he is reformed, he is arrested and punished by the counsel for sinfulness. So the priest technically has the power to punish in a very roundabout but powerful way. He can decide who is reformed or not and through that he is given the power to imprison. If a counsel can arrest and try an individual for impiety, doesnt that mean a soul is suffering because of their elision.This proves that although the Utopians say they offer complete religious freedom, a person can still suffer because of his beliefs. The truly devout Utopians do one of two things. The holier ones take vows of chastity similar to the Catholics, and eat a very grim diet consisting of no meat. The less holy yet more admired ones take upon themselves heavy constancy that will benefit the community. It is more admired in Utopia to do heavy work for the community then to live a life of chastity. This is very different from the Catholic mentality.Catholics admire priests as holy and serve them only because the priest was able to devote his life purely to god and give up human desires. The peasants who spend the whole day doing backbreaking labor are viewed as the lowest of society even though what they do greatly benefits everyone else. Thomas More would not have though the Utopian religion was ideal. More himself was a devote Catholic who even died for his faith. He played an integral role as Lord Chancellor in persecuting the Protestants after the reformation. He would not have proved of the complete religious toleration of the Utopians.Also the Utopian laws allowing euthanasia, divorce, and married and female priests are all against the teachings of the Catholic Church. He wrote Utopia as a way of criticizing the Catholic Church for all of its corruptions not as a blueprint for a new religion. At the end of the book More says that plot of ground Hathaway was speaking he kept thinking how some of the Utopian laws were Just bizarre. He says quite apart from such things as their military tactics, religions, and forms of worship, there was a grand absur dity on which their whole society is based, communism without money. (Utopia 113) This quote proves how Mores intention in writing Utopia was not to create a new way of life, but to criticize the fraudulent doings of contemporary European society. Although Utopia is championed as the ideal place to live there has yet to be a awkward that NAS tried to mimic its way to elite. Even More himself would nave rejected its unique religion. But regardless of its desirability, the Utopian religion has proven to be a completely unique belief system uninfluenced by contemporary religious beliefs.

Balanced Diet for an Adult Essay

Food is an integral go of human life providing vigor for stallular activities to keep us firm. According to World health makeup (2013), healthy nutrition is ingesting an adequate and well balanced diet in relation to the forms dietary needs and when combined with regular animal(prenominal) activities is the cornerstone to good health. A diet containing the right portions of all the five food groups of the Eatwell Plate (figure1 and appendix1 for recommended servings) known as a balanced diet depart provide the organic macronutrients including proteins, carbohydrates and lipids and the micronutrients, vitamins and minerals to sustain life.Only ingested carbohydrates, proteins and lipids pull up stakes count towards total caloric intake and pass on be digested into monomers like glucose for absorption and assimilation. National Health Service (2012) recommends daily caloric intake of 2500Kcal and 2000Kcal which will be derived from the proteins, lipids and carbohydrate ref erence points in a diet for average adult mannishs and females respectively.Age, sex, health condition and forcible activities influence dietary needs. This essay will discuss a balanced diet for an adult including the structure, sources, functions, recommended daily allowance (RDAs), privation and excessive effects of the macronutrients. likewise the micronutrients and water which are not considered as nutrients will be discussed.THE forage PYRAMIDpicFigure1(NHS 2011)Carbohydrates contain carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. British Nutrition Foundation (2013), recommends that 47.7% (203g) and 48.5% (275g) of daily energy should come from carbohydrates for females and males respectively with 29g being roughages. Carbohydrates exist naturally or refined as monosaccharides that are reducing sugars. Monosaccharides build the complex carbohydrates, disaccharides and polysaccharides through with(predicate) dehydration synthesis. Monosaccharides get down general shitula (CH2O)n where n determines whether pentose(5Carbons) or hexose (6Carbons). Glucose found in maple syrup, fructose in corn syrup and ga milk sugar in honey are hexose-isomers having the comparable formula, C6H12O6 but different structures.The disaccharides with the general formula C12H22O11 are sucrose made from fructose and glucose, maltose from two glucose molecules and lactose from galactose and glucose. Sucrose is derived from beet sugar, lactose from milk and maltose from vinegar. The polysaccharides with general formula (C6H10O5)n where 40n3000, exist as starch or non-starch polysaccharides (NSPs) which mickle be soluble or insoluble. stiffen consists of glucose molecules joined by glycosidic bonds.The NSPs include oligosaccharide (raffinose) and cellulose (dietary fibre). Potatoes, yams and cassava are rich in starch and are very digestible. Whole grain cereals, legumes (appendix2), fruits and storage vegetables like asparagus and cabbage are rich in the NSPs. Raffinose is an indigestible trisaccharide of fructose,glucose and galactose with formula C18H32O16. Animal sources of carbohydrates are liver and scallops.Carbohydrates provide sweetness and are the primary source of energy especially for brain and fund cells. Cellular respiration converts glucose monomers into ATP. Fats put upnot be oxidised without glucose. Most NSPs are partially digestible or indigestible cod to lack of -galactosidae (enzyme) in GI Tract. They reduce glycaemia index and plasma cholesterin levels, increase bile unpleasant voidance, promote normal laxation and prevent embrace cancer, gallstones, haemorrhoids, and irritable bowel syndrome (Kumar et all 2012).Further much, Kumar (2012) concluded that excessive carbohydrates will cause dental decay, kidney damage, stroke, diabetes due to obesity and short term conditions like hyperglycaemia. Carbohydrate need will cause constipation, make outigue, abstemious immunity, muscle cramps and ketosis this is very rare as 50g/day of carbohydr ate is needed to prevent ketosis.THE DEHYDRATION SYNTHESIS TO conformity MALTOSEpicFigure2EQUATION (C6H12O6 + C6H12O6 = C12H22O11 + H2O)(Marshall University 2012)Proteins or polypeptides consist of three to 100000 or more long chains of the organic molecules called amino acids joined together by covalent peptide bonds. A protein of two amino acids is called a dipeptide. There are 20 common forms of amino acids either termed non-essential (synthesised by the liver) and essential that needs to be ingested. Proteins consist of a central carbon atom, a hydrogen atom, amino group (-NH2), Carboxylic group (-COOH) and the variable R group (figure3).The term amino acid is derived from the amino and carboxylic groups that all amino acids have in common. According Kuil (2012), principal sources of proteins are lean meat, seafood, poultry, eggs, cereals, legumes (refer to appendix3), cereals and processed food like low-fat milk.Proteins form about 45% of human body and perform the following seven essential functions structural (hair, ligaments), contractile (muscles), transport (haemoglobin), metabolic regulation (enzymes), buffering, defence (antibodies) and coordination and suppress (hormones) (Martini 2006). Haemoglobin transports oxygen and a lack of protein (haemoglobin) can deny vital organs the needed oxygen for metabolism.Protein deficiency can also cause fatigue, anaemia, weak immunity, skin problems, impairment of cognition and mental health problems. Whereas excessive proteins can cause obesity, osteoporosis and kidney stones (Georgetown University 2012). About 15% of an adults caloric intake should come from protein equivalent to 56g and 46g for male and female respectively (Centre for Diseases Control and Prevention, 2012).DEHYDRATION OF AMINO ACIDS TO FORM DIPEPTIDE PROTEINSpicFigure3(Marshall University 2012)Lipids are made up of an even number of carbon from 12 to 20, oxygen, hydrogen and sometimes traces of morning star, sulphur or nitrogen. Lipids a re grouped into 4 steroids, phospholipids, waxes and glycerides. Most of the 70 identified lipids are synthesised by the body whereas linoleic (omega6) and alpha-linolenic (omega3) acids are two essential lipids to be ingested.They are mostly insoluble due to the long chain of hydrophobic carbon-carbon end bonded to a short hydrophilic carboxyl group. The double covalent bond, (C=C) determines whether consummate(a) (no C=C) or monounsaturated (1 C=C) or polyunsaturated (2 or more C=C). Glycerides are made up of glycerol bonded to 1 or more fatty acids by dehydration synthesis, triglyceride with 3 fatty acids is the predominant of the lipids (refer figure4). Unsaturated sources of lipids are olive oil, peanut, salmon, halibut and avocados. Saturated sources are butter, sausage and hydrogenated oil.According to British Dietetic Association (2013), adults should consume not more than 20-30g of saturated-fat with 5g or less being trans-fat since saturated lipids are high in cholesterol . The structural lipids form cell membranes. Also fat cushions and protects organs including liver, heart, and kidney, energy source twice as much as carbohydrates and proteins, thermoregulation (insulation), sex hormones, transport vitamins and monounsaturated fat can decrease cholesterol levels (USA Department of Agriculture, 2010). Excessive consumption of lipids will lead to obesity which is characterised by high BMI as verbalisen in appendix 2, cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, colorectal cancer and diabetes, whereas deficiency will result in the body lacking the vital vitamins A,D,E and K (Schenker, 2012).DEHYDRATION SYNTHESIS TO FORM TRIGLYCERIDEpicFigure4(Marshall University 2012)The micronutrients, vitamins and minerals are needed in minute quantities. Minerals can be classified as major or trace of which a few are essential including sodium, potassium, magnesium, zinc, iron, calcium, iodine, etc. (refer to appendix4 for RDAs). According to Higdon and Drake (2011), so urces of minerals are plants that derive them from the lubricating oil and move on the food chain to the herbivores like cattle that eat them. Spinach, legumes, whole grains, dairy products, red meat, soybeans, salmon, cod, iodised table salt (iodine, sodium, chlorine) and eggs are excellent sources of minerals.According to Whitley and Rolfes (2011), minerals perform the following functions the electrolytes, sodium, potassium and chlorine transmit nerve impulses, control fluid balance (providing optimum pH for enzyme activities), control blood pressure and relax and contract muscles. Zinc, copper and selenium are antioxidants they reduce the risk of heart diseases. Iron forms haemoglobin. Sodium and potassium coregulate ATP production. Calcium and phosphorus control blood clotting and together with magnesium build bones, teeth, maintain muscle and nerve cells. Iodine is needed for the production of thyroxin deficiency will cause goitre.Since some minerals are coenzymes, deficiency will cause malfunctioning cellular activities (digestion, metabolism). Iron deficiency causes anaemia whereas calcium, phosphorus and magnesium (hypocalcaemia) deficiency will cause osteoporosis. Calcium, magnesium and the electrolytes deficiencies will cause weakness, muscle cramps and impaired alertness. Zinc deficiency causes diarrhoea, skin and prostate cancers. Their intake should be balanced with use and excretion as excess may cause Hyperkalaemia (potassium), kidney-stones (calcium) and hypernatremia (sodium).Vitamins are grouped into water soluble (WSV) including C and B complex vitamins they cannot be stored and therefore, it is imperative to be part of a balanced diet, and fat soluble (FS) including vitamins K,E,D, and A they can be stored (refer appendix 5 for RDA). jet plane leafy vegetables (lettuce), oranges, kiwi fruit, avocados, whole grains and cereals, banana, dairy products, liver, poultry, pork, smarmy fish, eggs, soybeans, chickpeas and nuts are excellent sour ces of the vitamins (Firth 2011). Vitamin K can be synthesised in the intestine which helps the blood clot whereas Vitamin D can be synthesised by the body using sunlight to help the absorption of calcium and phosphorus (Cranney et al (2010). Vitamins A and C build immunity. Vitamins B1,B2,B3, and biotin help release energy.Vitamin A, niacin and pantothenic acid aid the absorption and use of macronutrients monomers. Vitamin C makes collagen and enhances folate absorption. Vitamin deficiency generally causes weak immunity and osteoporosis (Vitamin D), scurvy (Vitamin C), beriberi (B1), anaemia (B12 and folate) and night blindness (Vitamin A). Excessive amounts of vitamins E and K are usually not harmful but excess A,D and the WSV which can be excreted cause kidney problems and hypercalcaemia (excess D). Excessive vitamin C causes diarrhoea (NHS 2012).In conclusion, spending excessively on supplements and creams as well as engaging in dangerous diets like the Atkins Diet are not neces sary. The secret to healthy living is carefully selecting the right proportions of food from the Eatwell plate, drinking enough water in combination with regular exercises. Figure 5 and appendix 6 show functions of water. Consider the positives and negatives when selecting food products such as red meat rich in protein but high in cholesterol whereas fatty fish enhances calcium absorption.Soybean, liver, green leafy vegetables, whole grains and legumes will provide almost all the nutrients combine them in your diet in right proportions for optimal hormonal, metabolic, mental and material functions of the body. It is important to consult a doctor before starting any diet as nutritional needs are affected by health and some medications affect absorption of nutrients.FUNCTIONS OF WATER IN THE BODYpicFigure 5Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and enquiry, 2013LIST OF APPENDIXESAPPENDIX 1FOOD GROUPSERVINGS PER DAY Carbohydrates including bread, pasta, rice, potatoes and other starch y foods 6-10 servings Fruits and vegetables 3-5 servings Meat, fish, eggs, beans and nuts 2-3 servings Milk and dairy foods 2-3 servings Food and drinks high in fat and/or in sugar utilisation sparingly University of Michigan Integrative Medicine, 2010APPENDIX 2 OBESITY AND BODY MASS INDEX (BMI)BMI LEVEL OF OBESITY Below 18.5 Underweight From 18.5-24.9 Healthy direct From 25-30 Pre Obese Above 30 Obese NHS, 2012APPENDIX 3 FOOD GROUPS AND EXAMPLESFOOD GROUP EXAMPLES Legumes Beans, Lentils, Peas, Chickpeas, French beans, Kidney , soybeans, Coco beans etc. Whole grains Barley, Corn, Millet, Oats, Rice, Milo, Wheat Green leafy vegetables Spinach, Broccoli, Lettuce, Cabbage, Mustard green, Kale examples APPENDIX 4 MINERALS AND THEIR RDASYMBLE SOURCES RDA Na (Sodium) Table Salt, Sea vegetables, spinach, milk 6g Ca (Calcium) Salmon, Sardine, eggs, dairy products, nuts, oregano 700mg K (Potassium) Spinach, legumes, tomatoes, banana, avocado, whole grains and 3500mg yams P (Phosphate) Fish, poultry, oats, rice, red meat, 700mg Fe (Iron) Eggs, spinach, shrimps, soybeans, lentils, tomatoes, olives, M=8.7mg / F=4.8mg tomatoes Mg (Magnesium) Spinach, soybean, sea vegetables, tomatoes, beans, brazil nutsM=300mg / F=270mg I (Iodine) Eggs, milk, fish, shellfish, yoghurt, strawberries, iodised 0.14mg salt Se (Selenium) Cod, salmon, garlic, lamb, cheese, sura liver, barley, brazil 75mcg nuts Zn (Zinc) Calf liver, spinach, eggs, oats, oyster, lean pork and beef, M=5.5-9.5mg / F=4-7mg asparagus USA Department of Agriculture / Department of Health, 2010APPENDIX 5 VITAMINS AND THEIR RDASVITAMIN SOURCES RDA Retinol (A) Liver, fish oil, carotenoids, milk fortified M=0.7mg / F=0.6mg Ascorbic acid (C) Citrus (oranges), kiwi fruit, broccoli 40mg Thiamin (B1) Liver, pork, whole grains and products M=1mg / F=0.8mg Riboflavin (B2) Liver, eggs, milk, rice, mushrooms M=1.3mg / F=1.1mg Niacin (B3) Poultry, fish, beef, peanut butter, legumes M=17mg / F= 13mg Pyridoxine (B6) Liver, pork, legumes, fish, whole grains M=1.4mg / F=1.2mg Cobalamin (B12) Beef, poultry, cod, salmon, cheese, eggs 0.0015mg Vitamin E vegetable oil, green vegetables, nuts 12mg Folate Broccoli, peas, asparagus, brown rice 0.2mg Pantothenic acid Milk, fruits, veggies, meat, fish, grains 10mg Biotin Cottage cheese, liver, eggs, peanut, grain 300mcg Vitamin K Green vegetables, fruits, nuts 75mg Note that Vitamin K can be synthesised in the intestine whereas Vitamin D can be derived salmon, fortified cereals and juices, milk and sunlight (No RDA but 15minutes in the sun thrice a calendar week is enough) USA Department of Agriculture / Department of Health, 2010APPENDIX 6 RECOMMENDED DAILY ALLOWANCE FOR WATERSEX RDA FOR WATER MALE 3.7L with no upper desexualise increase with exercise to rehydrate FEMALE 2.7L with no upper limit increase with exercise to rehydrate and increase intake when breast feeding. INSTITUTE OF MEDICENE 2004REFERENCE LISTONLINE B ritish Dietetic Association (2013) Food fact sheet cholesterol Online Available from http//www.bda.uk.com/foodfacts/cholesterol.pdf Accessed on 20/02/2013. British Nutrition Foundation (2013) Confusion on fat and heart health Online. Available from http//www.nutrition.org.uk/nutritioninthenews/headlines/fats Accessed on 20/02/2013. Centre for Diseases Control and Prevention (2012) Nutrition for everyone Protein Online Available from http//www.cdc.gov/nutrition/everyone/basics/protein.html Accessed on 19/12/2013. Cranney et al, (2007) Effectiveness and safety of vitamin D in relation to bone health Online Available from http//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18088161?dopt=Abstract Accessed on20/02/2013. Institute of Medicine, Food and Nutrition Board. (2004) dietetic reference intakes Water, Potassium, Sodium, Chloride and Sulphate. capital letter DC Institute of Medicine. Online. Available from www.iom.edu/Reports/2004/Dietary-Reference-Intakes-Water-Potassium- Accessed on 20/02/2013. Institute of Medicine, Food and Nutrition Board (2010) Dietary reference intakes for Calcium and Vitamin D. Washington DC Institute of Medicine. Online. Available from http//www.iom.edu//media/Files/Report%20Fil.pdf Accessed on 20/02/2013. Marshall University (2012) Online Available from http//science.marshall.edu/murraye/alpha_amylase.htm Accessed on 18/02/2013. Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research no date Nutrition and healthy eating functions of water in the body. Online Available from http//www.mayoclinic.com/health/medical/IM00594 Accessed on 19/02/2013. National Health Service (2011) Online Available from http//www.nhs.uk/Livewell/Goodfood/Pages/eatwell-plate.aspx Accessed on 17/02/2013. National Health Service (2011) Online Available from http//www.nhs.uk/chq/Pages/3215.aspx?CategoryID=51 Accessed on 17/02/2013. National Health Service (2012) Online Available from http//www.nhs.uk/chq/Pages/1126.aspx?CategoryID=51&SubCategoryID=164 Accessed on 17/02/2013. United States of America. Department of Agriculture/Department of Health and Human Services (2010), Dietary signposts for Americans, Washington DC US Government Printing Office. Online Available fromhttp//www.health.gov/dietaryguidelines/dga2010/DietaryGuidelines2010.pdf Accessed 19/02/2013. University of Michigan Integrative Medicine (2010) Healing foods pyramid Online Available from http//www.med.umich.edu/umim/food-pyramid/fats.htm Accessed on 20/02/2013. World Health Organisation (2013) Online Available from http//www.who.int/topics/nutrition/en/ Accessed 17/02/2013.ONLINE JOURNALS Kumar et all (2012) Dietary roles of non-starch polysaccharides in human nutrition a review. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, Volume 52(10). Online Available from http//www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/10408398.2010.512671?url_ver=Z39.88-2003&rfr_id=oriridcrossref.org&rfr_dat=cr_pub%3dpubmed. Accessed on 23/02/2013. Schenker S. (2012). UK recommendations for dietary fat should they be rea ssessed in light of the recent FAO/WHO recommendations? Nutrition Bulletin, 37(1), pp. 37-46. Online Available from http//onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1467-3010.2011.01946.x/full Accessed on 20/02/2013.BOOKS Firth L. (2011) Nutrition and diet. Issues 205, Cambridge emancipation Educational Press. Higdon, J. and Drake, V. J. (2011) An evidenced-based approach to vitamins and minerals health benefits and intake recommendation. 2nd Edition. New York Thieme. Kuil W. A D. (2012) Sources of dietary protein and risk of hypertensionin a general Dutch population, British Journal of Nutrition, 108 (10), pp. 1897-1903. Martini F. H. (2006) Fundamentals of anatomy and physiology. 7th Edition. San Francisco Pearson Education. pp. 39-58. Whitney, E. and Rolfes S. R. (2011) Understanding nutrition. 12th Edition. Belmont Wadsworth.BIBLIOGRAPHYONLINE British Dietetic Association (2013) Food fact sheet sugar Online Available from http//www.bda.uk.com/foodfacts/Sugar.pdf Accessed on 20/02/02 013 Georgetown University (2012) Proteins what does it do? Online Available from http//www.georgetown.edu/admin/auxiliarysrv/dining/nutrition/protein.html Accessed on 20/02/2013. Stoner, L et al (2012) Preventing a Cardiovascular Disease Epidemic among Indigenous Populations through Lifestyle Changes. Online Available from http//www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3354392/ Accessed on 20/02/2013.BOOKS Blomhoff R, et al. Health benefits of nuts potential role of antioxidants. British Journal of Nutrition. 2006 96. New Zealand. Ministry of Health (2003), Food and nutrition guideline for healthy adults a background paper, Wellington Ministry of Health. Rolfes, S. R. et al (2009) Understanding normal and clinical nutrition.8th Edition. Belmont Wadsworth.ONLINE VIDEOS Dairy essential nutrition or health saboteur? Keon, J. (2011) Online video. Available from http//www.youtube.com/ pursue?v=cp9MwjW5QX0 Accessed on 20/02/2013. Good nutrition made easy how to grow a healthy adult Davids on, L. (2012) Online video. Available from http//www.youtube.com/watch?v=6qAeAzreESg Accessed on 20/02/2013.

Play Review: “Annie” Essay

The undertake ANNIE was all about an orphan who is waiting her parents to tug her in the orphanage because when she was a baby her parents promised her in a letter that they will get her back when the time comes. And they have a proof that they were Annies parents because of her pendant she was wearing when shes a baby and when they left her in the orphanage. But 11 years have passed and her parents still not yet come to get her. So she decided that she will unloose herself out of the orphanage. Until she already got out, but Ms. Hannigan (the one who takes care of the orphans and the orphanage) reported to the police that she was missing, until Annie was already found by the police and returned her into the orphanage. And then a woman came to the orphanage to get a child to spend a Christmas vacation with her boss at her boss house. And then she picked Annie to spend the Christmas with them.And when Annie came to Mr. Warbox house she was amazed because it was big and beautiful. At first Mr. Warbox didnt like Annie because she was a girl cause Mr. Warbox a boy to spend Christmas with him. But as the time goes by he already liked Annie to be his own daughter. So he decided that he will adopt Annie. But Annie didnt want to be adopted by Mr. Warbox because shes still waiting for her parents to come and get her. So Mr. Warbox and Grace Farell was trying to find Annies parents. But many impostors was saying that they were Annies parents because of the funds that they will receive ftom Mr. Warbox. Until the brother of Ms. Hannigan (Rooster Hannigan) said that he was real father of Annie because of the half of the pendant he has. But the real thing is that he was not the father of Annie he only wanted the money that Mr. Warbox will give.But before they give the money and Annie they already make love that Rooster Hannigan was an imposter and they know that the real parents of Annie was already dead. So Annie decided that she will approved by the adoption that Mr . Warbox was talking about so, she decided that she wants being adopted by Mr.Warbox. All-in-all the evasive action was great but there are some mistakes that you can see in the play. Some of them are the rugged voices of the some characters, the background musics, and their lightnings. In the low voices of the characters, some characters like Annie has a low voice when she was talking.And then the background music, sometimes the background musics are louder than the voices of the characters in the stage play. And then their lightnings they have only one spotlightthats why the other characters in the story doesnt have a spotlight even if they were doing something. But all-in-all the stage play was great and I refer that all ages can watch this type of stage play because it really for families. And the stage play has many lessons that we can get and we can connect it in our lives.

English Poem Essay

The cycle of life drives each mortalistic to pass by means of different stages until fin wholey reaching adulthood. All the ups and downs, experiences, learning, stand up up for him/herself , argon steps into reaching the final product maturity. A coming of age process of a protagonist, a dunce who is heading up to this world to travel tok for his own destiny, his future looking for answers, and spillage by means of various types of experiences. But what drives a youth to take this risk ?There must(prenominal) be a reason for an individual to take such a journey at a young age, and usually and most probably it is an ruttish loss, this back tooth be described as something spiritual or in the form of an individual. This protagonist is heading for his maturity, to reach it, he will gradually go through steps that present difficulties he has to face. This lad is wanting to be accepted by the society he lives in as the fare along individual he is seeking to achieve. The chang e a person undergoes to attain a perfect transformation from a youth to adulthood focuses on the psychological and honorable egression he/she achieves.The transition of a young man to a man varies in different societies, maturity depends on several factors that differ in the midst of societies, some consider sexual maturity as in early adolescence as a sign for maturity, and others take marriage as the conformation an individual takes to prove his maturity, his transition from the dunce he once was to the board man he is now. The double I Do is the kind of choice recognized by the law which is the formal union of two individuals mature enough, responsible enough, and aware by the action they are pickings, and they go for it.What circumstances people go through that drive them to step out from naivety to reach adultness which allows them to take big decisions such as marriage ? When an individual pushes himself towards thinking that he is now mature enough to take his own decisio ns concerning his life and future, he is that individual who has been through a lot of events, through a lot of disappointments and turned out to be un snug with anything he did, or nything hes been through, and just decides that next step will be to satisfy only he is own needs, without taking into consideration any wiz in the surrounding for they were no help to what he once needed. In queasy conditions the refreshful, an important topic stands out and that is the danger of Tambu forgetting who she really is, where did she come from, and just get taken by the impudently life she is offered at the mission. Tambu lives in a society with gender discrimination, she had to be enslaved by the males in her family era her brother Nhamo got that vista to get educated and leave the filth they live in behind.Dangaremba started her novel with I was not sorry when my brother died. Nor am I apologizing for my callousness, as you may define it, my lack of chanceing. For that is not that a t all. I feel many things these days much more than I was able to feel in the days when I was young and my brother died, and there are reasons for this more than the mere consequence of age (page1), form here we can see that Tambu was happy for her brothers death, not that she wanted him to die, entirely his death was the only way she can go to the mission to get the education she evermore dreamt of.She had the dreaming, and the grave to study, what was left is the opportunity, and as soon as her brother died she knew she got that opportunity she was seeking for. Her brothers death was the beginning of her life changing mission, it was her clock time to leave the days where she used to carry the pure pee for the men to wash their hands with it at first, and then the females of the family are left with the filthy water to use, she was ready and more than happy to leave all of this and go to a whole new place to gain the power she needed to rise, to feel satisfied with the life s he was given.In Babamukurus house she was introduced to a new world she was far absent than getting, she axiom the difference between the females in her hometown and the females at the mission, she saw how proud they were to be women, and fought for their rights , she is shown how to deal with her feminist side and to embrace the fact she is born a female, and most of what she learned was from her cousin Nayasha. While passing through all this kind of struggle, and adapting with her new habitat, Tambu was loosing who she really is, the Shona she is, unlike Nayasha who has nothing to loose of her Shona part for he doesnt even know it. Thus this forms a outstanding big gap inside of Tambu, the anger she feels and dissatisfaction of the life she has doesnt do her but punishment for disobeying the authorities who are in her case the males of the family. In the African countries a place where Tambu came from, the traditions of marriage is when the bride moves to the husbands house, an d thus the authority the dad once had on the bride transfers to he husband, from male to male.In the novel we can see that Maiguru the defermenter of a masters degree is still under her husbands authority, and although he gives her the freedom to do whatever she wants by caterpillar track away, she chooses to come back home showing that she is under the mans control. Tambus coming of age process takes place within the defiance of versatile females in her family against dejection of sexism, and colonialism, and racialism they go through. Tambu at the beginning of the story is a young girl who the lifes requirements pushes her to be very mature due to her situation.For from the irregular she was a young girl she was responsible to take care of her sisters, does excessive chores, worries approximately her mother and her family in general. She chooses to do extra chores in order to lessen her mothers burden, in addition to finding a new way by her own to get herself back to inculc ate because her father was not going to offer her any help to make it happen. But the time where Tambu showed that she reached adolescent is when she shows hybridity between tradition and modernity, although she got westernized or englishized yet she hold on to her traditions and evolved in society as well.At the end of the novel Tambu shows that she put he own needs above any champions suggestions, and she did what she found suits her best, at that time she chose to go to sacred heart although each one of her family stood against taking this option, but she refused to be sired to the males in her family and chose to do what she thinks is the best for her gaining the satisfaction she was running after, in this way i banished my suspicion,buried it in the depths of my subconscious, and happily went back to Sacred Heart. (p208) And the last paragraph in the novel is the paragraph that shows that Tambu finally got what she wants and started fresh with a new beginning knowing that she is the master of her life, and the one writing her own story in her own way, it was a process whose events stretched over many years and would deal another volume, but the story I have told here, is my own story, the story of four women whom I loved, and our men, this story is how it all began. (p208)The kite Runner unlike Nervous Conditions shows a delayed coming of age story. emir the protagonist in this story extends his sore adolescence through guilt and muteness until reaching the age of forty and after his marriage is the time where he decides to fix everything he did wrong. The kite runner confabulations about two friends who are living together emeer and Hassan, where Hassan served ameer and loved him enough to do whatever he asks him to do, he gave Amir everything season in return he got nothing but trouble.Hassan and Amir at first lived as two low innocent minors looking for journey and experience, the difference between the two was that Hassan was ready to do wha tever Amir wants from him due to the love he feels towards him, an loyalty to his one and only friend, but on the contrary Amir was selfish and self-centered all his thoughts was only about him, he never cared about anyone but himself and his biggest struggle was to please baba, who was harsh on him to drive him to be a man. I had one last chance to make a decision. One final opportunity to decide who I was going to be.I could step into that alley, stand up for Hassan-the way hed stood up for me all those multiplication in the past-and accept whatever would happen to me. Or I could run. In the end, I ran. (p84) , the moment Amir said those haggling was the most he admits his selfishness, coward, lack of pureness, and what a backstabber he is. When Amir accuses Hasan for stealing his watch although Hassan never did so, he took the blame because he knew that this is what Amir wants so he just did it, and that caused him to leave Babas house, and find his own way with his own father. Later on Amir and Baba traveled to America due to the war Afghanistan is going through, years later in America Baba dies, and Amir marries Soraya a girl who taught him courage and to be bold, things he doesnt have yet he wishes he did, he hopes to be as courage as what Soraya has shown him. When Amir gets a call from an old friend of him telling him to come back to Afghanistan and that there is a way to be good again, Amir took the choice of going, at that moment Amir decided to step out of his bubble, be mature, and correct the mistakes he had done.He went back to Afghanistan, looked for Hassan and felt devastated to know about Hassans death, so he made his life mission to look for his son and take him under his care. He sacrificed himself to rescue him from the people who owned him(Assef), then took him back with him to America and treated him as if his own, for Amir had figured out that hes unable of having tykeren. And go along his life serving Sohrab ( Hassans son) the way Ha ssan once served him, where at the end of the story he repeats the words Hassan used to tell him For you a thousand times over,(p401).Whats different in this story form other coming f age stories that he reaches adultness after getting married due to what his wife showed of honesty ,courage, and boldness he never had. And unlike Tambu, the ambition and sexism she went through in her life is what pushed her towards growing maturity in a young age, while Amir his guilt and silence are what drived him to maturity but at a delayed time form that of Nervous Conditions.In the third novel Beasts Of No Nation, the protagonist is a seven year old male child named Agu . Agu is just a kid who doesnt know what to do , and has no one to guide him through especially, after ending up between a group of people who claim to be soldiers , this seven year old kid has no choice but to do what they tell him in order to fight for his life , so being forced to kill someone or otherwise you die, these a re the two options a seven year old was facing, this is what drives a kid to grow sooner than expected.This youth who was lost, confused and has no estimation what to do or where to go, and finds out that his destiny is chosen for him to join a group of filthy terrorists claiming that what they do is helping the villages from sinking. This choice that was obliged on him took him away from the life he was happily living in, stole his dreams away and placed him in front of war and killing. I was having many friends in my village because all of the other children were that Im a nice boy , and also Im the best at all of the game and all the lesson we are learning.So they are all liking me and wanting to be my friend . ( p 29 ) The childish language he uses, the improper english, all shows the innocence of a child, you can almost see a normal kid , dreaming , and just having fun , to an extent that youd never think he could kill , and how about killing and loving the pleasure it bring s? The first time the Commandant orders Agu to kill someone Agu struggles of what he needs and what he has to do, he doesnt want to kill the man, but either the man dies of he does, it is a battle for fighting for his own life, Then I am hitting his shoulder and then his chest and looking at how Commandant is smiling each time my knife is hitting the man.It is like the world is moving so late and I am seeing each drop of blood and each drop of sweat flying here and there. I am hearing the raspberry bush flapping their wing as they are leaving all the tree. It is sounding like thunder. I am hearing the mosquito buzzing in my ear so loud and I am feeling how the blood is just wetting on my leg and my face (p. 21). And then the maturity he reaches was shaped in the fact that he love to kill later on, loved the excitement and pleasure it gets, I am raising my knife high above my head.I am liking the sound of knife chopping KPWUDA KPWUDA on her head and how the blood is just splashing on my hand and my face and my feets. ( p 51 ), this is the moment when Agu was brainwashed to form a spirit with the love to kill in a little boys body. This transition Agu undergoes from the innocent child with dreams and ambition he once was to the killer in a seven year old boy body he now is, shows how the path he took was the one he was forced to take, pressured him into being the way he is now.The life situations of leaving his family and being pushed into a group of gorillas who claim to be soldiers made a little boy form victim to a murderer, but then when the time was for him to be rescued he recalls all the dreams he had, the family he loved, and the little boy he didnt have the chance to be, and decides to be good again, but he knows he cannot get back to the child life he had, but he can still be good, for all the events, the war, the commandant, the soldiers, forced a little boy to grow too early,I am knowing I am no more child so if this war is ending I cannot be goi ng back to doing child thing. The three stories each talk about a protagonist who is forced to grow into maturity because of a certain life situations he/she faced. Tambu faced the situation of racism, sexism, and colonialism which pushed her behind chasing her dreams and her ambitions. Amir had a delayed adolescence but the guilt he was full with is what made him correct the mistakes his naivety made him do.And Agu the seven year old never knew how a child life is, and all he faced was war, orders, killing, and had no other choice but to do what he was forced into, and thus this child no protracted exists, but a man in a childs body is now found. The coming of age process of these three different characters follows the bildungsroman genre of how a protagonist through experience and socialization moves from naivety to maturity, in other words defining what a bildungsroman is all about, the moral and psychological growth of the main character.

Animation Essay

MICHELLE LEE IAT 343 D104 301097226 ANIMATION ESSAY The two three-dimensional animated films that ar chosen are Pocoyo animation shorts and a medication video by Genki Rockets. I am using medical specialty video and short animation for comparison is because they are wonderful at sending messages at heart a short amount of duration. Also, I will be comparing the cinematic style and techniques of the animations. Pocoyo animations is originated in Spain and targeted towards pre-school children. Their videos often present a certain lesson or lesson in them.In the animations, Pocoyo (the main character) and his friends often dance around and play. In an animation, physical actions and facial expressions brings audience into tense anticipation. The narrator talks throughout either episode and leads audience into the story. There are zero backdrops and environmental set design, which gives their targeted audience (pre-schoolers) a more room for endless imaginations on how the purlie u may look like depending their background. Hierarchical structures are within Pocoyo animation as some groups of 3D objects are more dominant than other ones.For example, some characters are smaller/further than other ones, and their body structures. This defines importance of the parentschildren relationships. Color creates mood bright colors flatter children in a content way. The composition of all(prenominal) shot and scene help audience to understand the characters in the story and their actions keep in mind that their targeted audience are preschoolers, therefore it is more close the storytelling, and compositions will not be complex. In this series, diverse television camera views are being lacked.There is only one camera view throughout every episode. Therefore, emotions cogency not be able to present at its maximum potential. However, tilts and rolls is in there every now and then so it gives scene a stylise look that helps visualize the audience actions and scene ten sions. Lighting is also on the minimal setting. It could be the sun being the infinite light, or in a room with fluorescent lights. The music video by Genki Rockets is called make. believe. Genki Rockets is a Japanese virtual band with non-existent musical band and a fictional ocalist. harmonise to their webpage, the vocalist, Rumi who was born in space and has never been to Earth. Due to the fact that the vocalist claims to be from the future outerspace, most of their music videos are computer-generated. Various camera views are widely used and not only can those camera views deliver information, but also able to maximize the scene emotion. Backdrops are shown and surroundings are beautifully illustrated. Slow motion or sudden pause creates time being stopped and makes audience anticipate on the upcoming events.The vocalist (girl in the music video)s facial expression remains straight for the majority of the video gives 1 MICHELLE LEE IAT 343 D104 301097226 ANIMATION ESSAY the i mpression that she does not obtain human emotions and traits. Many 3D modeling were done in this video. Scenes like forest, outer-space, castle, desert, skyscrapers are implemented. Lightings play a heavy role in the music video, especially the lighting stimulations with ray-traced reflections, which create realism. Colored lightings always create dramatic in the video.Because of the band and background nature, this video especially captures audience who are kindle in space. With both being animations, different mood is conveyed in both of them. Both are created to cater their targeted audience with different compositions. Each shot acquired immune deficiency syndrome the views to expand their knowledge of the story and characters more. Therefore, both videos have same objective but different results. References Kerlow, I. (2009). The Art of 3D Computer Animation and Effect. (4th ed).New Jersey buns Wiley & Sons, Inc. Lee KJ (2011). IAT 343 Animations Lecture Notes (Week1 Week11) . Zinkia Entertainment. (2011) Pocoyo. http//www. pocoyo. com/ Granada International. (2011) Pocoyo USA. POCOYO WHALES BIRTHDAY. Youtube Video http//www. youtube. com/watch? v=gh0KClm8w2s Sony Records. (2011) Genki Rockets. http//www. genkirockets. com/en/ Sony Music Publishing. (2011) Akatoubutudan (2010). Genki Rockets make. believe. Youtube Video http//www. youtube. com/watch? v=tRDo13wthew 2

Adam Capital Management

Adams Capital Management neckcloth IV Joel Adams, founder and gen periodl married person of Adams Capital Management (ACM), a $700 one thousand thousand early-stage venture enceinte upstanding investing in the in peeation applied science, networking infrastructure, and semiconductor industries, glanced up as his fellow general partners trooped into his office on a brisk December morning in 2005 for their annual retrospective and planning meeting. The main topic on the agenda was a crude one, ?would 2006 be the chastise time to launch their fourth bloodline?Since late 2000, ACM had been deploying its $420 million third fund, using its marts branch strategy, an procession that identified and sought to take advantage of discontinuities indoors the third labor segments it targeted. Having invested in a company exploiting such(prenominal) a change, the general partners then guided the investiture through a quintuplet-point structured seafaring system. In November 2005, ACM Ill sold a portfolio company and made its first distribution to its limited partners (Lips).The funds portfolio excessively had 18 other operate companies that were showing sedate growth, ND two bleak investments were in the due diligence phase and preparing for final negotiations. The question as I see it, said Adams to his partners, is whether we need to ontogenesis more companies and generate step-upal distributions to our Lips before we start aggrandizement ACM Since Scams first fund had closed in 1997, the investment environment had gone from robust to neurotic to deflated and now, fin eithery, to what appeared to be a modest recovery. Likewise, Scams performance had been whipped to the highest degree. caudex I was almost top-quartile, Fund II could withdraw capital with a few breaks, ND Fund Ill, a 2000 vintage fund was alike new to tell, Adams noned (see Exhibit 1 for performance entropy). The firm had adopted its strategy in part to note itself for likely Lip s. But the partners also believed that the pure opportunistic approach of numerous venture firms?where each general partner was often given wide security deposit in determining which, and how many, commercializes and transaction models to invest in?could cause the firm to lose sight of the portfolio as a whole.Without a markets first strategy, through which the inbuilt firm agreed upon the markets of inte equipoise before engendering individual companies, the partners felt that firms would invest more on the basis of the fashion of the moment than on business fundamental principle or market analysis. In Fund Ill, ACM had taken more significant ownership positions than in the past?typically 35% or more? guide every deal, and held a station on every board. In 85% of the funds investments, it was the first institutional coin in the company.Adams believed that this was the solitary(prenominal) way to respond to the sagaciously reduced volatility of the venture capital market b uild a collection of really good companies and own enough f them to matter. Associate Ann maize wrote the original version of this case, Adams Capital Management March 2002, HOBS Case No. 803-143 which is creation replaced by this version prepared by Professor Field capital of New Hampshire and Senior Research Associate Ann Lemon. HOBS cases are developed solely as the basis for class discussion.Cases are not intended to serve as endorsements, sources of principal(a) data, or illustrations of effective or ineffective management. Copyright 2006 President and Fellows of Harvard College. To order copies or request permission to reproduce materials, call -800-545-7685, write Harvard business concern instill Publishing, Boston, MA 02163, or go to http//www. Hobs. Harvard. Due. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, used in a spreadsheet, or transmitted in any form or by any meaner?electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise?w ithout the permission of Harvard Business School.This document is authorized for use only in FINDINGS Alternative Asset Classes SSL/2013 by Jason Zen at University of New South Wales from March 2013 to September 2013. 806-077 ACM knew this strategy was not without its risks. Fund Oils portfolio contained some rinsing companies, but, Adams said, When you own a significant chunk of the company and it doesnt do well, that hurts the fund. Going to market with a good small early fund, a struggling moment fund and a yet unproven third fund might not be easy. The Lips may want to know why we dont go hold to taking smaller positions in more companies, he noted. L have to be able to give them an answer. Venture Investing in 2005 The first fractional of the 21st century had truly witnessed the Dickens best and worst of times. The final years of the sass had seen an unprecedented run-up in venture activity. Everything had increased?the amounts of capital raised, the management fees paid, the amounts invested, the prices that companies could command, the exit valuations received, and the speed with which investments became liquid. As the century changed, so did the venture environment.The NASDAQ reached its peak in March 2000 and by 2001, the party had come to a crunch halt. After a decade marked by continuously rising amounts of capital flowing into venture funds, 2001 raised half of sasss record of $71. 7, and 2002 and 2003 raised precisely 10% ($7 billion and $8 billion, respectively). L (See Exhibit 2 for fundraising data). By 2005, the numbers of deals, their price levels, and the size of the rounds had all fallen considerably from their peaks in 1999 and 2000. Since the precipitous drop, though, they had steadied (see Exhibit 3 for trends).The initial decline, termed a train wreck, reflected the fact that almost three years of record-breaking venture activity had funded too many companies chasing too few customers in almost all technology customers had cut their capital expense budgets, and on top of that, were suffering from a modesty of earlier technology investments that had not yet been fully implemented. Spending on technology fell off sharply. As a result, portfolio companies significantly underperformed expectations, often forcing their investors to hangout to inside rounds for unfoldd financing because all firms were trying to fix their own troubled portfolios.Thereafter, activity had resumed albeit at a lower level. A further crookedness for the venture capital ( polyvinyl chloride) industry was the longer path to liquidity. The Initial Public Offering (PIP) market dried up in 2001, only to revive?at least to a degreein 2004 and 2005. The number of venture-backed mergers and acquisitions had stayed reasonably steady in the vicinity of 300 transactions from 000 through 2004 and even looked likely to continue for 2005 based on first-half data, the number of Ipso had plummeted from 264 in 2000 to 41 in 2001 and a mere 24 an d 29 in 2002 and 2003.Although this number had tripled in 2004, to 93, sasss first half saw an uninspiring 20 Ipso, a number nonetheless close to the inwardness for all of 2002. 2 By mid-2005, though, glimmers of recovery pierced the gloom. premature ventricular contraction fund- raising for 2004, at $1 5 billion, equaled the sum of the previous two years total. Firms had triages the worst of their problem companies, by selling them for the intellectual repertory, merging them with other weak companies, or shutting them down.Technological evolution provided market opportunities for young companies and some older ones, weaned off the easy-money of the bubble, had brought their products to market and were profitable. Disclosed prices for mergers and acquisitions rose to the highest average since 1 Abstracted from data from Private Equity Analyst and Asset Alternatives. 2 Thomson Financial/Venture Economics, Venture Backed M&A Volume Holds Steady, www. Nava. Org, accessed December 8, 2005. 2 IQ 2002. 3 The door to the PIP market, blown off its hinges in 2004 by PVC-backedGoogles debut, reopened, with new companies pricing their offerings almost every week. The pace and valuations of deals had risen, and with it, investor confidence. Its not that PVC has plow hard, said one veteran venture capitalist. Its Just gotten back to normal. Adams Capital Management Joel Adams, founder of ACM, grew up in Phelps, New York, a small township between Rochester and Syracuse. My dad owned a dairy farm, recalled Adams, and his and doing chores. Adams was 15 when his mother passed away, leaving his father with no choice but to delegate most of his wifes responsibilities to the three children.Looking back on those days, Adams said At the time the confluence of events was a hell of a wake-up call for a teenager, but I exposeed priceless lessons about money and time management. After graduating from the University of Buffalo in 1979, Adams conjugated nuclear submarine manufac turer General Dynamics, where he became a test engineer, the tether engineer responsible for starting and testing a subs nuclear reactor and re inserting General Dynamics during the Navys sea trials of the new boats. In 1984 he moved to Pittsburgh to regard the business school at Carnegie Mellon University (UCM), lured by its strong program in entrepreneurship.During Adams second year at UCM, he worked part-time for Foisting Capital, a small PVC firm that invested on behalf of the Fosters, a wealthy Pittsburgh family. Adams Joined Foisting after graduation as a Junior partner, with the firms new $14 million fund. Shortly thereafter, the firm and Adams became involved with PAP/Foisting l, a Joint venture formed with Patricia Co. To manage the $40 million fund that the state of Pennsylvania wanted to invest in PVC. In 1994 after nine years with Foisting, Adams, SCOFF Andrea Joseph, longtime secretary Lynn Patterson, and former partner Bill Hulled armed Adams Capital Management, Inc . O handle the Foisting de installe of the $60 million PAP/Foisting II, raised in 1992. In 1997, ACM raised its first fund, the $55 million ACM l, with its markets-first investment strategy. Discontinuity-based investing Ever since he had Joined Foisting, Adams had been dissatisfied with what he considered a lack of focus and discipline in the firms investment strategy. Heres a nuclear engineer, walking into this industry, with a very small fund in Pittsburgh whose strategy was to be diversified by stage, by industry, and by geography, Adams recalled. After about a year, I said, This isnt a strategy at all? you could do anything. He was especially nonplussed by the method of developing deal flow. Rather than learning about markets and then targeting specific deals within them, he said, The approach at Foisting was to open the mail in the morning to see what business plans had arrived. Two of Adams experiences at Foisting acquainted him with the power of targeted investing. The firs t was his involvement with cardsharp Corporation, a developer of software applications for engineering product data management. l understood the issues of engineering data management from my says at General Dynamics, Adams said. L was a a good deal smarter investor looking at an industry that I knew. Not only was he a better investment manager and board member, he realized, 3 ibidem 3 but he was also a better negotiator. Entrepreneurs are passionate and biased about their businesses, he said. If the first time I detect about a market is from the entrepreneur, Im at a big disadvantage. His second revelation was even more powerful. Seeking a computer in 1987, Adams happened to learn about a mail-order operation in Texas called PCs Limited that custom-built personal computers and undercut retail prices.After speaking with the companys chief operating officer, Adams invested $750,000 in the future Dell Computers first international venture round. Had the firm held this position, it would have been worth $382 million as of the end of September 2005. Adams realized that Dell had created such an explosion of value by exploiting a discontinuity ? a dramatic and sudden change in a colossal and established market. In this instance, the discontinuity involved distribution. The rise of direct distribution surprised the large personal computer manufacturers, which had extremely entrenched outworks of retail dealers.These networks, Adams noted, couldnt be unwound overnight. Dell could build a multi-billion dollar business from scratch because his large and sleepy competitors could not respond to this distribution discontinuity in time. As ACM expanded, Adams resolved that any new partners would be engineers, and thus bring their technical training to bear in stark(a) examinations of a few promising markets (see Exhibit 4 for partner biographies). Scams strategy evolved to focus on investments in markets that the partners already knew well and had already identifi ed as attractive.A few initial prerequisites had developed over time. The first was that the companies in which ACM invested would sell to businesses, not consumers, and their value propositions would be driven by return on investment (ROI). Thats ROI for the customers, not us, said Adams. Our first question is, If somebody is going to spoil this companys product, what does the Chief Financial Officers recommendation look like? The second criterion was that the business was fragmentation applied technology, or one of the first companies to use a specific technology for a specific application.Given the partners engineering backgrounds, the firm focused on the information technology (IT) and telecommunication/ semiconductor industries, areas that were, in their view, experiencing significant discontinuities. The most important criterion was that, as in the case of Dell, Scams portfolio companies would exploit discontinuities in vivacious markets, shifts that would create opportunit ies for start-up companies to become market leaders. In the IT industry, the partners anticipated that the need to create virtual enterprises on a global scale would force companies to look for highly adaptable systems.The telecommunications industry, faced with global expansion in bandwidth requirements for data, seemed to be faced with an entire rethinking of the existing technology and infrastructure, while reaching the limits of current silicon technology appeared likely to revolutionize the semiconductor industry. Within these areas, Scams partners sought to identify four primary causes of discontinuities (see Exhibit 5 for more on discontinuities) 1 . Standards. Despite the emergence of a technology technologies in an attempt to preserve their captive customer base.Even as customers demented the standard, the existing manufacturers perceived it as a threat to their oligopolies market positions, and were reluctant to adopt it. One such warning was FORE Systems, which built com munications devices that conformed to the ATM (asynchronous transfer mode) standard for communications in wide-area networks. The big players at the time, AT&T/Lucent and Northern Telecoms, each had proprietary protocols for those communications. These manufacturers clearly had the technical prowess and market muscle to 4 exploit ATM as well, but they were slow to do so for fear of cannibalizing their own racket shares.In April 1999, FORE was acquired by GEE Pl for $4. 5 billion. 2. Regulation. Unexpected regulatory changes could force market players to adapt quickly to a new market reality. An example of such a dislocation had occurred in the U. S. Cellular market where a host of new opportunities and networks had emerged after the governments creation of the PCS spectrum. From a technology point of view, the new spectrum provided a chance for GSM, the cheaper and more easily-deployed base station technology popular in the rest of the world, to gain ground on the unwieldy proprieta ry technology dominant in the United States.GSM equipment manufacturers and the upstart carriers who provided their services used their agility in the new regulatory environment to challenge the giants. 3. Technology. A technology-based discontinuity could take two forms. In one, it could appear as a whiz-bang package that took big competitors months or years to duplicate, such as Apples Macintosh operating system. Alternatively, it could involve the convergence of technologies that had hitherto been separate, requiring innovation to allow these once-disparate systems to interact.An example here was the rise of corporate remote access, which forced companies to buy technology that would connect the public carrier telephone networks to the corporations internal local area networks. 4. Distribution. Dell Computer in the earlier example provided the ultimate example of a distribution-based discontinuity?the rise of mail-order completely surprised existing personal computer manufacturer s, to the great enrichment of Dell and its shareholders. This top-down approach to identifying markets was crucial in helping ACM turn over consensus about and control over where its partners would invest.Adams firmly believed, Market due diligence is the only due diligence you can do independent of a transaction. If you present the partners with the industry and market dynamics ahead of time, then we can all talk about each others prospective investment. Scams approach to identifying discontinuities included its Discontinuity Roundtable, a concourse of advisors that met periodically with the ACM partners to identify and discuss market discontinuities that could lead to fruitful investment theses. The 20-person Roundtable comprised industry experts and observers who attended meetings depending on the topic at hand.Among their number had been Clayton Christensen of the Harvard Business School known for his research on how innovation affected markets George Symmetry, inveterate ent repreneur and founder and backer of over 200 companies Attic Razz, former CEO of MAD, the chip-maker that competed against Intel and Mike Maples, former COT of Microsoft. The process required partners to write discontinuity white papers that advanced the investment thesis and to present them to a Roundtable of becharm experts drawn from the pool.The group would discuss the merits of the thesis under consideration, normally greening to pursue two or three of the eight to ten papers presented in a meeting. The meetings would also identify other avenues for future exploration. Once an investment thesis was thoroughly vetted by the Discontinuities Roundtable, the ACM partners would systematically search for deals in that domain. Sometimes this took the form of identifying pockets of excellence in the appropriate technology and supporting entrepreneurs in forming a company.In other cases, it was a matter of identifying and sorting through several existing potential investments. This pro cess eve the partners deep knowledge of these companies opportunities and therefore made ACM more attractive as an investment partner. 5 Structured Navigation In addition to a systematic approach for identifying markets, ACM also developed a system for managing its investments, called structured navigation. The system was born out of the observation that early-stage technology companies shared many of the same benchmarks and needed many of the same elements to succeed.Jerry Sullivan, who had Joined the firm from MAC, Tektronix and Phillips, explained Our investments typically have high development costs coupled with the direct sales killer characteristic of companies at these stages. The majority of our investments? 90%?are software-based, so resource planning and allocations are well understood by all of our general partners. We encounter that our structured navigation strategy applies to all companies within the model. Aspects of the structured navigation included 1 . Round ou t the management team.Like most other PVC firms, ACM was deeply involved in helping its entrepreneurs complete their management teams. Almost 85% of the management team without capital, Martin Neat, a former executive vice electric chair with IBM and now ACM general partner, said. People are going to Join a company that has some capital behind it, so we fundamentally believe that if youve got a great opportunity thats well-funded, youre going to attract a lot of talent. ACM devoted significant resources to the creation of its function Group, which helped its portfolio companies in this area. . Obtain a corporate partner or endorsement. The notion that an early stage company, hoping to exploit a sea change in a large existing market, could forge a confederacy (an endorsement, a distribution deal, or an equity investment) with one of the very players from whom it hoped to steal market share mimed entirely contradictory. But the ACM partners believed that this should almost always be possible. From Scams perspective, beat these relationships early would often create other exit opportunities. . Gain early exposure to industry and investment banking analysts. Industry analysts such as Garner, Gaga, and Forrester often created the first wave of market interest in a new technology. This groups validation could speed the acceptance or application of a new technology. While industry analysts could help create a market for the technology, analysts at investment banking firms could create an exit for the company, and ACM tried to make sure they met the portfolio companies early. First of all, the good analysts really do understand the businesses of these little companies, N. George Sugars, a general partner in the Silicon Valley office, said. But the second thing is, bankers are in the fee business, and they need to put marriages together. Introducing the two parties early is a tactic that will set you up for deals later on. 4. Expand the product line. A first-gene ration applied technology company would be confronted by sigh initial costs of development and sales.In such a case, Bill Freeze, a general partner in Scams Boston office, sight, The marginal cost of the development for subsequent products or the next sale is much lower. Once a new technology product had been developed and a base of customers secured, the costs of leverage that technology into another, similar product and selling it into a base of existing accounts was comparatively small. But sometimes the entrepreneur hasnt thought that out yet, he noted. Our approach ensures that the companies are adequately focused on this value creation opportunity. 5. Implement best practices. Scams partners felt that their entrepreneurs should focus on developing products and selling them to customers, not on structuring stock option packages or compensation 6 plans. After working with dozens of companies with similar structures, the partners felt that they should be able to provide boilerp late versions of plans that worked. ACM used these flipper steps (in no particular order) to manage its investments, complete.The process, the partners felt, not only made their investments more successful, but also provided the partners in four offices across the U. S. With a molly understood internal barometer of a companys progress (see Exhibit 6 for offices). If ten months into a deal you cant attract talented people, corporations dont care, and you cant get the bankers interested?youre learning something, observed Sullivan. And maybe you ought to get out. Defending the Strategy Was it really necessary to formulate such a rigorous strategy for investing in early- stage businesses?Adams admitted that, to a certain extent, the strategy was motivated by the practical necessities faced by a small firm based in Pittsburgh raising a $55 million fund in 1997. We had to get ourselves above the muck, and the way you do that is with a well-defined, market-centric strategy that you exec ute in a disciplined manner, he said. It had also given a small partnership, scattered among offices in Pittsburgh, Philadelphia (later Boston), and Austin, Texas (Silicon Valley was added in 1999) a common language and approach that facilitated communication.Adams balked at the conventional wisdom about PVC and venture capitalists?namely, that PVC was a personality-driven business, and that successful venture capitalists were all genius dealers whose vision turned everything they touched into gold. L just dont buy the stone star model that many venture firms promote, Adams said. Instead, he wanted to build a venture firm in the same way that most businesses were built ? with a structure in which any of its employees were, in principle, replaceable. We wanted to develop a system where you could throw anybody out of here and the thing will still dodge along, he said. We wanted to build a system for executing this business. Were engineers, we think that way. Were not rock stars. We have a system for finding areas that are of interest, acquiring deals, and making them valuable. Thats what we do. The Funds Since 1997, the partners felt that strict adherence to strategy, combined with the systematic portfolio management that navigation provided, had served the firm well. They had grown from a $55 million fund to managing $700 million and from one office in Pittsburgh to four in areas in which 68% of all PVC activity in the U.S. Occurred. Each fund had been invested accord to plan, although the results had not been entirely anticipated. ACM I had invested in 15 companies for a total cost basis of $55 million. Information technology accounted for 49% of the portfolio electrification for 30%, medical devices for 11% and networking infrastructure for 10%. As of September 2005, the fund was fully invested and had exited all but one company, distributing stock valued at $122. 7 million for a net IR to its Lips of 46% Oust below the upper quartile).The general partner s hoped to achieve at least $140 million in total proceeds by the end of Fund Xis contractual life. With its smaller size, ACM I had aimed for percentage ownership in the low teens. The firm had held a board seat in 67% of its original 15 companies, and its positions could get diluted if it as 7 unable to participate fully in subsequent rounds. However, as Adams said, This was the home-run era of early stage PVC investing?significant returns were almost the norm. We had our share, with three acquisitions and three Ipso. That was a good fund. Based on the early success of Fund I and the frenzy around PVC, ACM had closed the $1 50 million ACM II at the end of 1999, followed quickly by the $420 million ACM Ill at the end of 2000 (see Exhibit 7 for fund statistics). In the over-heated environment of 1999 and early 2000, though, the partners found that the game had changed. At first it seemed that home-runs were still possible, said Adams Putting money to work was paramount. Unfortunate ly, this meant that we had less time to investigate new markets and we therefore had less diversification in the portfolio.If the big companies were looking for drop-add-multiplex-switches, that was what we backed as all of them were being bought because every big company needed its own drop-add-multiplicities. We ended up with a lot of similar companies. Our goal was to own around 20%, and we usually had enough money to keep our position, which was not always the best thing in retrospect. Fund II had stayed the strategic course. Of the 14 companies in the portfolio, three had been acquired, five written off, and six were still active and showing strong revenue growth.The firm had moved away from investing in medical devices though. Information technology made up 45% of the portfolio, semiconductors 38%, and telecommunications 17%. Although Fund Siss value currently stood at a 40% discount to cost, Adams hoped that, with a few breaks, it could return the Lips capital. Fund Oils appr oach of taking larger position had been adopted in response to the changes that the partners noted in the market in particular, a reduction in volatility. As Adams explained, The days of the consistent home-runs are gone.Reduced volatility meaner that we need to build portfolios that are more balanced and consistent in their performance. Were not looking for xx returns, although we certainly wouldnt refuse them. I Just dont think thats the norm anymore. Instead, were looking to build a solid portfolio that yields xx to xx returns based on operating success?positive cash flow and net income. We look to own enough of each company that every deal is an impact deal, both for us and for the company. And here, because outcome volatility has fallen so substantially, we need to have diversity among our companies.You might say that beta has fallen so we must increase alpha. We had to gear up an interesting collection of really good companies that addressed significant discontinuities in the market and own enough of them to matter. Weve done that. Weve also added value to them through the ACM Services Group, which provides corporate partnering, recruitment and financial management guidance. By September 30, 2005, Fund Ill had called 74% of its committed capital. Information technology accounted for 59% of

Outline for a mass communication written task Essay

In 2008 an attack ad, titled Vote Different appeared on YouTube, persuading voters to vote for Barack Obama instead of Hillary Clinton in the elemental elections. Without a doubt this ad influenced the way many voters voted. By making use of allusion and by borrowing from other texts, it successfully made voters vote differently. As a result Hillary Clinton lost in the essential elections to Barack Obama. The attack ad vote different depicts a large group of prisoners, sitting in neat rows, watching a large screen.On the screen one sees Hillary Clinton talking roughly how she would analogous to listen to her listening and engage in a dialogue with them. Her words are very ironic, since the audience is non able to participate in the discussion. This is the first indication that we are meant to be critical of her words. Secondly, the tv camera switches to another woman, an athlete who has broken past the prison guards to enter the theatre where the prisoners sit.She is running wi th a sledgehammer. objet dart all of the images are dark and grey, she seems to bear the only sign of color with her red shorts. On her fit out is the campaign logo of Barack Obama. She hurls the hammer towards the screen, resulting in a burst of light that seems to awaken the prisoners. Then a text reads, On January 14th the Democratic primary will begin. And youll see why 2008 wont be like 1984.Then the letter O appears in the colors of orchard apple tree Macintoshs old logo, along with the web address, BarackObama.com. What does this text mean, and how does it rely onother texts to construct meaning? in that location are three layers to this text. The first layer can be understood in the context of 2008 and the primary elections. The text traveled as a viral, meaning it was a commercial that spread like a virus through social networks on the Internet.People who posted this video to their Facebook wall or direct it as a link in an e-mail to friends, all k spick-and-span who Hi llary Clinton and Barack Obama were. Her formula and his logo needed no introduction. The irony of her words, the dark images of the prisoners and the symbol of the sledgehammer all indicated a sharp criticism of Clinton. One did not have to understand the final text to palpate that this was a strong attack ad.It accused Clinton of not listening to her audience, and it praised Obama for helping them see the light. The second layer of this text can best be understood in the context of the Apple Macintosh ad that ran only once during the Super paradiddle in 1984. The attack ad is in fact a chat up-up of the Macintosh ad, meaning that it is almost homogeneous to the original ad, frame for frame, with a the exception of several manipulated images. Where the Apple logo once appeared on the fit out of the athletic woman, there is the logo of Organizing for America, Obamas grassroots campaign team.Where a mans face once appeared on the large screen, there is Hilarys face. The text at the end of the Macintosh ad originally read, On January 24th Apple Computer will introduce Macintosh. And youll see why 1984 wont seem like 1984. Even if viewers of the Obama ad do not know about the significance of 1984, they might know these references to the Macintosh ad. Since the ad only ran once, it created a great hype and sense of mystery. It promised to change the face of personal computing by literally and figuratively enlightening the masses. Comparing Obamas campaign to the Apple brand, has an interesting effect on the reader in 2008. It is almost as if Obama is the new iPod slick, stylish, personal and unique.He breaks with the establishment, Hillary Clinton, who could be compared to Microsoft or IBM, in the context of 1984. The third layer of context is by chance the most important one to understanding the ads. Both ads allude to a scene from Nineteen Eighty-four, a novel by George Orwell. His novel is commonly understood as a criticism of magisterial government. Th e autocratic government in Orwells novel, Oceana, is ruled by a man whose face appears regularly on a large telescreen. His name is Big Brother.The Obama ad replaces Big Brothers image from the Apple ad with HillaryClintons face, making a comparison and strong suggestion that she stands for autocratic rule, establishment and war. The cause of this on the audience in 2008 are quite persuasive and bold, influencing the way they vote in the primary election.At the time the attack ad ran in January of 2008, Hillary Clinton was ahead in the polls. Almost a hebdomad later, thanks to this ad and other influences, she began to lose points to Barack Obama (Pollster.com, 2008). While it is impossible to measure the exact effects of this ad in weakening her position, the ads implications are strong and persuasive. This viral video shows the power of mash ups and how the persuasive power of borrowing from other texts.Works citedApple Computers. YouTube 1984 Apples Macintosh Commercial. YouTub e mete out Yourself. Web. 22 Feb. 2011. ParkRidge47. YouTube Vote Different. YouTube Broadcast Yourself. Web. 22 Feb. 2011. . Pollster.com Political Surveys and Election Polls, Trends, Charts and Analysis. Pollster. Web. 22 Feb. 2011.