Explain Irenaeus Theodicy Essay Example for Free

Explain Irenaeus Theodicy Essay The Irenaeus Theodicy, often called Soul Making, is a counterpart to Augustines Theodicy, yet it is also and opposing argument. While Augustine stated that evil came from humans and Adam in Genesis, Irenaeus proposes that evil is opposing the human races bid to become one with God. Irenaeustheodicy differs from Augustines, as it is more in the sense that God created evil, whereas Augustine described its existence to be more of a mistake. Yet some of Irenaeus points relate to Augustines, though are different forms as they are based on different opinions. Irenaeus battles the problem of the inconsistent triad by saying that God is omnipotent, omnibenevolent and omnificent and evil does exist, but that we, as a race, are not perfect. He believes that at the moment of creation we were not at all perfect, but drastically flawed. And to become one with God, as God intended, we must work toward that goal. The idea that we must work towards God places him in a higher realm. It is this epistemic distance that evil fills and we must fight through. John Hick, a perpetrator of this Theodicy states that: In order to be a person, exercising some measure of genuine freedom, the creature must be brought into existence, not in the immediate divine presence, but at a distance from God. Evil comes in as the obstacle coarse in the way of the ultimate prize. After all, with such a great goal, it shouldnt be easy. Though this doesnt really answer the question of where evil came from, or why God allows it. Irenaeus believes that we chose it when humanity fell in Creation. That justifies moral evil. But what of natural evil? Why did God want this journey to take place in such a hazardous environment, with earthquakes and pestilence, and in such frail form, which is susceptible to such dangers? Hicks response is that moral and spiritual development does not take place in a static environment but comes as the result of challenge and struggle and because we live in a world where pain and suffering is real our actions have real moral consequences for both ourselves and others. Any world where this was not the case would be one where the distinction between right and  wrong could not be made. In saying this, Hick is accused of belittling some of the worlds more excessive examples of evil. The holocaust for example. But in this modern day and age, where Nihilistic attitudes are taking over, people dieing is seen as less of an evil. After all, if you kill one, whats the difference in killing six million? He further argues that those who say that any kind of omnibenevolent wouldnt allow evil to exist full stop are depriving themselves of freedom that humanity entails. For God to get involved in every act of evil that occurs would deprave us of the free will that God gave. And it would reduce God, the ultimate creator of the universe, to a human plaything. If that happened he would no longer be God, as we would control him. As Irenaeus said, If anyone do shun the knowledge of both kinds of things he unaware divests himself of the character of a human being. As far as criticisms go, it is to optimistic. It is essentially an everything will work out in the end theory, that we will end up at Gods side after a long struggle and every thing will be happily ever after in heaven. But if we do that, there is really no reason for a God to make us happy, which negates Augustine and Irenaeus theories. Also, he is basing all of this on the bases that God exists. For that reason, atheists dont hold to this argument at all. Overall, atheists dont hold to this on the basis that they believe that God doesnt exist; therefore there is no ultimate cause. Theists like this theodicy as it allows them to keep their ideal of an omnipotent etc god, but does justify evil. Reasoned arguments cannot account for the amount of evil in the world Discuss A reasoned argument is one that has no empirical bases. Therefore it is a posteri. In the case of evil, the two theodicies of Augustine and Irenaeus  are reasoned. There is no physical base of proof for either. For Augustine, the bible cant be proved; the Christ event cant be proved to have improved our worth in terms of evil either. The same for Irenaeus, we cant prove that we are heading for paradise as no one has ever come back to tell us. But we cant deny the fact that there is a lot of injustice exists and, if we could measure it, evil is a large digit. But the amount of evil in the world has no quantity. How can we measure something that is essentially a human concept? Cheetahs have no idea that killing an innocent gazelle is classified as evil. After all, the gazelle did nothing to harm the cheetah. But the predator has cubs to feed and hasnt eaten for days. So putting those two facts together justifies the original statement. But just because we cant justify the quantity doesnt mean we cant do anything about it. To date, the better off countries have dropped about  £30 million in 3rd world debt. The Live Aid concert that happened all around the world has raised awareness of the plight of those less well off. While it is an undisputable fact that people are still suffering through both moral and natural evils, something is being done to lower the quantity of evils.

Anorexia Essay -- essays research papers fc

It seems today that eating disorders are on the rise. While this may be true, the numbers may appear to grow only because more cases are being brought out into the open. The purpose of this paper is to discuss eating disorders and prove the these disease, specifically Anorexia Nervosa, continue to plague of women due to psychological and environmental factors along with pressure from the media. The term â€Å"Anorexia Nervosa† is misleading. It means â€Å"loss of appetite due to nerves.† But people with anorexia don’t actually lose their appetite until the late stages of their starvation. Until, they do feel hungry, but they just won’t eat. People affected by anorexia have an extreme fear of gaining weight. In addition to drastic dieting, they may resort to vomiting and the use of laxatives and diuretics to lose weight. Statistics show that many teens and young adults suffer from anorexia nervosa. Without treatment, anorexia nervosa can cause serious heal th problems--even death! The sooner treatment begins the better the chances for a full recovery. The person with another anorexia is a model child. He/She is well behaved, eager to please, and a good student who gets along well with her peers. She rarely admits that anything is wrong or that anything is wrong or that she/he extra helps. Behind the mask is an insecure, self-critical perfectionist who feels unworthy of any praises she receives. A person who has anorexia is also very concerned about whether other people like her. Occasionally, she feels that there’s something wrong with her- that she’s bad or that her thoughts are disgusting. (PennSAHIC) One interpretation of an eating disorder is termed as a relationship between the person and food the appears abnormal. Anorexia Nervosa is one of the most prevalent eating disorder decease. The definition of Anorexia, Dr. Barton J. Blinder gives an interpretation similar to this: Anorexia is an all-encompassing pursuit of thinness, occurring most often in adolescents and young adult woman. This is accomplished by avoidance of eating by any means possible. The person affected by Anorexia has an absolutely terrifying fear of becoming obese. In short, â€Å"food becomes the enemy;† one researcher described Anorexia as â€Å"weight phobia.† (noah.cuny.edu/wellconn/eatdisorders.html) Some experts believe that a fear of growing up is the root of the problem. Other experts see the d... ...l keep their body into shape. Parents do not like to see children being teased because of their weight so they try to keep them fit. Sometime the stress from the parents and/or if there is any physical or sexual abuse in the family, the child in this situation may lead to an eating disorder to have a way to control something in their life. In conclusion, Anorexia Nervosa greatly affects all that are touched by it. Close family members and friends go through fighting battle with the person helping to serve this deathful battle. The information in this paper is just touching briefly on what can happen to someone with this disease called Anorexia. It is important that people are aware of these problems, know how to spot eating disorders, and help someone else or themselves overcome something like Anorexia. Works Cited: Matthews, John R. Eating Disorders. New York: Facts on file Inc. 1990 http://noah.cuny.edu/wellconn/eatdisorder.html Self-Help & Psychology Magazine- written by Lee H offman, Office of Scientific Inf., NIH Publication No. 94-3477, 1993. http://www.cybertowers.com/selfhelp/article/eating/nih/anorexia.html PennSAHIC booklet by Channing L. Bete Co., Inc. 1996 edition.

Elections in Africa Essay

The Aim of this essay is based on the clarity on the Elections in Africa if they are a good Measure of democracy. It basically analyses the advantages and disadvantages of elections (in an argument form). The issue of how citizens influence policymaker is central to an understanding of democratic political system. We normally agree that democracy should allow the people to participate in policy making. Hence elections are one of the ways to establish connections between citizens and policy makers and by elections citizens encourage the policymakers to pay attention to their interests. However there are some disagreements about whether and how elections serve to link citizens to policymakers; a number of schools put more emphasis upon accountability and others do on representativeness, even if there have been a lot of theoretical debates about this issue, we have few attempts to test the role of competitive election on popular attitudes towards the legislature. An election is a formal decision making process in which the population chooses an individual to hold a public office. Elections have been the mechanism by which modern representative democracy has been operated since 17TH century. According to Business Dictionary (BD), Election is the act of a party casting vote to choose an individual, for some type of position. It may involve a public or private vote depending on the position. Most positions in the local, state federal governments are voting on the same type of elections. According to (Abraham Lincoln), the word democracy means â€Å"the government of the people, by the people and for the people â€Å". Democracy is term that comes from a Greek and it is made up of two other words, demo which means people and kratain which means to govern or to rule. Democracy can then be literally translated by the following terms, Government of the people or government of the majority. Electoral systems are conventionally divided into two categories, majoritarian. And proportional representations, (Lijphart 1999). Majoritarian system usually employs exclusively single-seat distrust with plurality rule and tends to give greater representation to the two parties and that which receive the most votes. Proportional representation (P.R) System must employ multi-seat districts, usually with party lists, and typically produce parliamentary representation that largely mirrors the vote shares of multi-parties However elections be it Proportional Representation (PR), or Majoritarian type, are instruments of democracy to the degree that they give the people the  influence over policymaking,.(Powell 2000). One fundamental role of elections is the evaluation of the incumbents government. Citizens use elections to reward or punish the incumbents although on the other hand increasingly competitive elections raise the risk of increased election violence, this can be raised in two ways. Firstly, closer elections can increase tension throughout the electoral process; when the outcome of the election is in doubt, all stages of the process including the appointment of the members of the electoral management body, the registration of parties, candidates, and voters; campaigning; voting ;and vote counting and tabulation, becomes more heated. For example, Kenya erupted in chaos in 2007 when incumbent president Mwai kibaki was sworn in hours after being declared the winner in the country’s closest presidential elections ever; the ensuing violence left 1,500 dead and 300,000 displaced. Secondly, as long-term incumbents witness the growing strength of the opposition candidates, they may feel increasingly imperilled and crack down more fiercely on perceived threats, example, after losing the first round of Zimbabwe’s 2008 presidential elections and subsequently manipulating results to force run-off, president Robert Mugabe presided over a wave of widespread and brutal violence against supporters of Morgan Tsvangirai to ensure himself victory in the second round. While these above examples demonstrate the potential of elections to create conflict, elections are often used as a means to end conflict and solidify peace. For this reason, elections usually form a key part of the agreements ending civil wars or conflict. The basic principal behind these post conflict or transitional elections is that of Ballots over Bullets: citizens choosing their political leaders by voting rather than fighting, although in the 1992 Angola elections which was intended to end the c ivil war, this election instead reignited conflict for another ten (10) years. cases such as these have led many to argue that elections are not appropriate for post conflict environment. In majority, however, there is no viable alternative to post conflict elections as a means of achieving legitimate governance; a non elected government is far more susceptible to accusations of illegitimacy than the one chose by the people, and legitimate governance must be achieved as soon as possible following a conflict. Moreover, elections have the potential to create government broadly representative of all disputing political factions. Demonstratively, several  countries have recently held remarkably successful post-conflict elections. For example, Liberia’s elections in 2005 intended to over a decade of civil war were remarkably peaceful and hailed as generally free and fair. Another example is the DRC’s 2006 elections, the first multi-party election in 46 years, were also relatively successful, especially when considering the tremendous logistical challenges that had to be overcome. in these cases therefore, elections facilitated an ongoing transition from dev astating conflict toward greater stability and development. Based on a multi-level analysis of Afro barometer survey data from 17 sub-Saharan African countries, the study examines the influence of these two types of electoral systems; Majoritarian and Proportional Representations-on popular confidence in African parliaments. Controlling for a variety of individual and macro-level characteristics, it was found that citizen’s perceptions of Members of Parliament (MP’s) representations have a positive and significant effect on their trust in legislature. In addition the results suggest that the effect of political representations is mediated by electoral systems. Powell (2000), distinguishes between two versions of elections as instruments of democracy; accountability and representation. Accountability model tries to use elections to bring the power of the people directly to bear on policymakers. Elections offer citizens a periodic opportunity to change the policymakers. Citizens will have control because they will be able, at least occasionally to reject elected officials who are doing the wrong. Competitive elections create a pressure on all incumbents or rather the current policymakers to worry about the next elections and make policy with voters review in mind. On the other hand representation model emphasises citizens should be treated equally at the decisive stage of public policy making. Elections are instruments of citizen’s influence in policy making. Elections should create equitable reflection of all points of view into the legislature. They work as an instrument to choose representatives who can bargain for their voter’s interest in post-election policy making. Elections are not only integral to all these areas of democratic governance, but are also the most visible representations of democracy in action. They are also in most cases the most complicated and expensive single event a country will ever undertake. Good governance, upholding rule of law, and supporting civil society, this testimony examines  all these areas in the context of elections. International support to electoral processes is crucial if democracy is to continue developing on the African continent. Indeed the very purpose of elections is to achieve participatory governance without violence- through political rather than physical competition –and this has succeeded in a number of African countries. South-Africa and Botswana, for example have proven themselves among the continent’s most stable democracies, while Ghana, Mali, and Benin have emerged as democratic stronghold in West Africa. Moreover, countries such as Sierra Leone and Liberia, among the poorest in the world and only recently emerged from civil war, have demonstrated the power of elections to foster and solidify peace. In reality, then, Africa’s experience with the electoral democracy has been mixed; progress has been made but challenges remain. The various elections in past several years-from Kenya and Zimbabwe to Ghana and Sierra Leone- have become historical landmarks for different reasons, varying drastically in their conduct and outcome. This mix of electoral experience has generated considerable debate and passion on the subject of transparent, free and fair electoral process among election stakeholders, especially as democratic progress itself can come with further challenges; as more elections are held as these elections become increasingly competitive, one-party and military regimes face potentially destabilizing challenges that could increase the risk of fraud and violence. In conclusion; elections-especially free and fair, competitive and multi-party elections, are assumed to be a critical component of democratization in emerging democracies, while an election can intensify the polarization of a society along ethnic lines. Competitive elections can force political elites to legitimate their rule through the ballot box. However, we are still debating about how elections serve to link voters and elected Officials. While a group of scholars emphasise the directness and clarity of the connection between voters and policy-makers, others do the representation of all factions in society. Elections help voters to send Members of Parliament (MP’s) representing their interest to the parliament, to some extent elections constitutes a principal avenue of citizen’s involvement in political life. Understanding their effects on public attitudes towards the legislature and the role of the individual  therein has important implications for theories of democratic governance in emerging democracy. Therefore with this information, elections are a good measure of democracy in that they give citizens the participatory right in policy making through their elected representatives. Making it the government of the people by the people and for the people, that’s democracy according to Abraham Lincolnâ €™s definition. BIBLIOGRAPHY 1. Powell (2000), Elections as instrument of Democracy. 2. Easton David (1965), A Systems Analysis of Political Life. New York: john Wiley. 3. Norris, Pippa, Eds (1999), Critical Citizen: Global Support for Democratic Governance. New York oxford University press. 4. Lebas, Adrienne (2006), Comparative Politics 38; 419:438. 5. Margolis, M (1979), Viable Democracy. 6. Tordoff, W. Government and Politics in Africa. London McMillan (1993). 7. Rose, Richard, William Mishler, Christian Haerpfer (1998), Democracy and Its Alternatives. 8. Sisk, Timothy D, Andrew Reynolds, Eds (1998), Election and Conflict Management in Africa. Washington; United States Institute of Peace press. 9. Powell G. Bingham (1982), Contemporary Democracies; participation stability and violence. Cambridge University. 10. Almami l. Cyllah. Democracy and Elections in Africa.

`` It Was Not Death, For I Stood Up, By Emily Dickinson

â€Å"Mental Illness in Literature: How mental illness can be detected in mediums such as written literature, letters, and medical history; with a specific focus on Emily Dickinson’s link of mental illness to reclusiveness within her works titled â€Å"It was not Death, for I stood up,† â€Å"After great pain, a Formal feeling comes,† â€Å"I dwell in Possibility,† â€Å"My Life had stood—a Loaded Gun,† and â€Å"Tell all the Truth but tell it slant†.† Emily Dickinson is one of the most influential female poets of the 19th century. Born in Amherst, Massachusetts in 1830, Dickinson began her life as a normal child. Growing up, Dickinson had more opportunities than most women of the 19th century; being able to attend the all-female Amherst Academy, as well as Mount†¦show more content†¦Theodora Ward, a transcriber and analyst of Dickinson’s letters, describes the letters and poems to take on â€Å"acute sensitivity.† (Ward) Emily Dickinson did not reach her full potential as a poet until the 1860’s. Before her thirtieth birthday is when Emily Dickinson decided to never leave her home again. The decision, stated by Theodora Ward, was â€Å"clearly reflected in the letters after 1860† (Ward). Emily Dickinson’s poem My Life Had Stood – A Loaded Gun was written circa 1862, just two years after her decision to never leave her home again. This poem incorporates the theme of death; but it a different context. Dickinson does not refer to death as the powerful main focus, but moreover the ability to die. In the second stanza, the focus shifts from a gun as the main subject of the poem to Dickinson using the term â€Å"We† to become the voice and guardian of the master. The gun serves as a symbol for the relationship between life and death, and while the gun can outlive its master; it really never lives at all without the power to die. If Dickinson spoke about death in this cont ext, could she be in a manic depression in which she cares no longer to live? (Ward) Emily Dickinson was healthy most of her life. When she was younger, she displayed symptoms of having tuberculosis. Her father, Edward Dickinson, was very afraid of the disease and had her treated immediately. Other than the tuberculosisShow MoreRelatedContributions Of Emily Dickinson1045 Words   |  5 Pagesideas to flow. When alone an individual can be with their thoughts, dreams and hopes. Emily Dickinson spent years in solitude and confinement which allowed her creative juices to progress. Overtime, her ideas began appearing on paper as magnificent poems. Love, death, life, hope, weapons, birds, bees, flowers, and gardens are all themes used by Emily Dickinson in her poetry. It is unbelievably stunning that Dickinson gives off such beautiful imagery for someone who rarely left the house. She has connectedRead More A Comparison of the Poetry of Emily Dickinson and Robert Frost1062 Words   |  5 PagesThe Poetry of Emily Dickinson and Robert Frost The poetry of Emily Dickinson and Robert Frost contains similar themes and ideas. Both poets attempt to romanticize nature and both speak of death and loneliness. Although they were more than fifty years apart, these two seem to be kindred spirits, poetically speaking. Both focus on the power of nature, death, and loneliness. The main way in which these two differ is in their differing use of tone. The power of nature is a recurring themeRead MoreAnalysis Of Emily Dickinson s Poem My Life Had Stood- A Loaded Gun 993 Words   |  4 PagesEmily Dickinson is a very famous and accomplished poet with over 1700 published poems. Several of her poems are similar in theme, and also similar in bringing out human emotions that we humans usually try to avoid. The common theme in most of Dickinson s poems is the wonders of nature, and the identity of self, as well as death and life. The five poems with the common theme of death are: â€Å"My Life had Stood- A Loaded Gun†, â€Å"I Heard A Fly Buzz- When I Died†, â€Å"Behind Me Dips- Eternity†, â€Å"Because IRead MoreAnalysis Of The Letters Behind The Locked Box By Emily Dickinson1571 Words   |  7 PagesLetters Behind the Locked Box - Emily Dickinson â€Å"If I read a book and it makes by whole body so cold no fire can ever warm me, I know that is poetry† (Emily Dickinson). This effect that Emily is referring to is the impact her writing has on her readers. Her life from beginning to end is one that is a bit mysterious, however it clearly reveals more detail as one becomes more familiar with her writing in accordance with her lifetime. Emily was an amazing poet that was purely honest and bona fideRead MoreEmotion in Emily Dickinsons â€Å"My Life had stood – a Loaded Gun†1109 Words   |  5 PagesThis poem was written by American poet, Emily Dickinson, who was born in the 1800. This was the period where art was based on emotion; the â€Å"Romantic Period†. She was also born in the Victorian Era, where women had to be shackled to their pedestals and most had to be married by age eighteen. They were not allowed to vote, or earn money. This information should help the reader better understand the poem. When writing the poem â€Å"My Life had stood—a Loaded Gun† Dickinson thought of what format to useRead MoreSymbolism in Emily Dickinson’s Poetry918 Words   |  4 PagesSymbolism in Emily Dickinson’s Poetry Kevin Hardy Jr. English 215 Dr. Maxwell Poems have many different interpretations, but let it be known that different people could see poems in many different ways. In Emily Dickinson’s poetry, she uses interpretations that refer back to mortality because of her past experiences throughout life that influenced her to write. But, there are other hidden facts that you would be able to see Dickinson’s poems, she uses symbolism of immortality, death, sorrow andRead MoreEssay about Emily dickinson1145 Words   |  5 Pages Emily Dickinson’s poetry powerfully indicates values of society of the time. It does this through its conciseness, its simplicity and its control. Indications of society’s values are seen in many of Dickinsons poems, but they are especially noticeable in ‘It was not Death’, and ‘Because I could not stop for Death’. In Dickinson’s poem ‘It was not Death’, she demonstrates how restricting and stereotyping society can be on an individual , and how society values the conformity of the whole communityRead MoreDeath And Love : Emily Dickinson1679 Words   |  7 PagesEmily Dickinson, born in a puritan and religious family in the town of Amherst, Massachusetts, is known to be one of the greatest poets of all time. However, she is characterized because she seldom left her home and had few visitors. By 1860, Dickinson lived in almost complete isolation, and yet the few people to ever have contact with her were a huge influence on her poetry. Grief, was Dickinson’s primary companion, especially during her writing period, which some scholars attribute as the timeRead MoreDickinson’S Infatuation With Death.Emily Dickinson Is Well-Known1363 Words   |  6 Pages Dickinson’s Infatuation with Death Emily Dickinson is well-known due to the fact that she uses an immense amount of death in her poetry; she is also known as being reclusive and death-obsessed. Although other poets don’t typically use large amounts of death in his or her own poetry, Dickinson decided to take her own path in order to get her point across; meanwhile, some found her obsession with death rather disturbing. On the other hand, death could be interpreted through variousRead MoreWalt Whitman and Emily Dickinson808 Words   |  4 PagesWhitman and Emily Dickinson both had different and similar views, which influenced how they wrote their poetry. Their social context, life experiences, and gender are reflected in their poetry. Emily Dickinson focused a lot on death and her struggles of being a woman during her time. Her poems often described the inner state of mind. Waltman attempted to combine universal themes with individual feelings and experiences, such as his personal experiences with the Civil War. Whitman and Dickinson are two

Cyber Defense Strategy - 726 Words

Abstract — This paper presents a resilient defense strategy to protect the power system state estimation against false data injection (FDI) attacks. The proposed strategy is based on calculation of the risk of the attack and the optimal budget allocation on the measurements. The method has been formulated as a mixed integer nonlinear programming (MINLP) problem. Multiple researchers have addressed the same problem but with the assumption that some meter measurements can be fully protected or without considering the risk of the attack. The validation of the proposed method has also been evaluated based on various IEEE standard test systems, including IEEE 5-bus, 9-bus, 14-bus and 39-bus system. Index Terms—Cyber-attacks, resiliency, state†¦show more content†¦Multiple research presented defense strategies against FDIA attacks not only to protect the system but also increase its cyber resiliency [12], [18], [14]. Resiliency as defined in literature is the system’s ability to plan/prepare, absorb, recover from and adapt to known and unknown threats [18]. For example, a self-healing PMU network to achieve resiliency against cyber-attacks is introduced in a software-defined networking (SDN) infrastructure in [12]. The configuration of the network switches will change to isolate the compromised measurements to prevent further propagation of the attack. This strategy has its own drawbacks such as not being practical because of too much latency of the data to reach at the operational and decision centers. The delay due to several reconfigurations will make the power system more vulnerable to unwanted blackouts due to false and late estimated state measuremen ts. The introduced method also increases maintenance cost and failure rates of the switches. Another strategy proposed is the optimal protection method presented in [5]. This method protects the state variables with the minimum number of measurements, as a variant Steiner tree problem in a graph. This result in an N-P hard problem that needs to be solved each time bad data is detected, requiring huge processing and computation resources. The authors in [6] proposedShow MoreRelatedBuilding And Maintain A Cyber Operations Force1394 Words   |  6 PagesStrategic Goals Build and maintain a cyber operations force: The Department of Defense requires personnel to be trained to the highest standards and have the highest quality technology available to them in order to operate effectively. To this end the Department of Defense initiated the Cyber Mission Force in 2013 (â€Å"Department of Defense Cyber Strategy,† 2015). The Cyber Mission Force is 133 cyber teams: 68 Cyber Protection teams focused on defending the network, 13 National Mission teams to defendRead MoreObama Administrations Policy Views on Cybersecurity1338 Words   |  6 PagesAdministration’s Policy Views on Cybersecurity 1.1. Enhancing Resilience 1.2. Reducing Threats Obama and Bush Administrations 1.3. Bush Administration 1.4. Policy Similarities 1.5. Policy Differences Recommendations for Improvements 1.6 Cyber Czar Position 1.7 International Organization and joint punishment Works Cited Introduction The following document will provide information pertaining to presidential administrations both past and present and theirRead MoreThe Dod Developed The Cyber Strategy1072 Words   |  5 Pagesdeveloped the cyber strategy with three primary missions in mind. The first mission is to defend DoD networks, systems, and information. Next is to defend the U.S. homeland and U.S. national interests against cyberattacks of significant consequence and finally to provide cyber support to military operational and contingency plans. To accomplish this mission, the Secretary of Defense and the current USCYBERCOM Commander acknowledges that the â€Å"DoD must develop its cyber forces and strengthen its cyber defenseRead MoreCyber Security : Armed Forces Sub Unified Command Of America1076 Words   |  5 PagesCYBER SECURITY RESERVES Unite state cyber reserve is armed forces sub-unified commands / commanded aiding Strategic Command of America . This command is stuated in Maryland , its supposed to ensures that all cyberspace operations are centralized , Its also responsible for the organization of available cyber resources and synchronizes defense of united states military networks . (Protect your workplace , report any abnormal behavior , activity , and cyber incidents . (2006 ) [Washington , D . CRead MoreCyber Espionage In China Essay767 Words   |  4 Pagesthese agencies were specifically targeted for cyber espionage. On July 9, 2013, Larry Wortzel, a member of the U.S.-China Economic and Security Review Commission testified before the House of Representatives, Committee on Energy and Commerce Subcommittee on Oversight and Investigation. He revealed the following assessment of China’s cyber activities against the United States. China is using its advanced cyber capabilities to conduct large-scale cyber espionage. China to date has compromised a rangeRead MoreThe Security Environment That Is Shaping The Joint Force 2025 ( Jf25 )1650 Words   |  7 Pagesstability include two aggressive competing powers (China and Russia), two nuclear capable regional hegemons (North Korea and Iran), and a persistent threat of terrorism to the homeland. The global commons are contested and access to the space and cyber domains are no longer guaranteed. Fiscal constraints limit the available means for the Joint Force (JF) to meet these challenges and therefore increases risk to accomplishing the national military objectives. Despite the complexity of this environmentRead MoreThe Enforcement Of Cyber Security Standards1456 Words   |  6 Pagesforefront of the defense of cyber security, but with the endless number of cyber terrorists, the U.S. defense is not enough. Nations need to come together to provide a standard for cyber security that is able to be enforced throughout the world. The many different organizations provide many avenues of approach for various attackers to take advantage of the vulnerabilities in cyber defense. The only way to prevent these attacks is for the U.S. and its international partners to develop a strategy for globalRead MoreThe Purpose Of A National Cybersecurity Strategy1421 Words   |  6 PagesThe purpose of a national cybersecurity strategy: In this recent past, the e-services, new technologies, and interconnected networks have become integral part of our daily life. Society, businesses, government and national defense depend entirely on the well-functioning of information technology and information infrastructures, communication, transportation, e-commerce, emergency services and financial services depend on the integrity, availability and confidentiality of information streaming theseRead MoreCyber Deterrence And Its Impact On Western Europe1518 Words   |  7 PagesWhat is Cyber Deterrence? Merriam-Webster defines deterrence as the act of making someone decide not to do something or the act of preventing a particular act or behavior from happening (Merriam-Webster, 2015) . This can be applied to the cyber realm in the sense that we need to deter terrorists, state actors and non-state actors from attempting attacks on U.S. networks. To understand how to apply cyber deterrence we have to look at past policies or theori es on deterrence. Deterrence theory firstRead MoreEssay On Defense-In-Depth Strategy1218 Words   |  5 Pagesthere needs to be strong defense-in-depth strategies in place. Although they may be strong defense-in-depth strategies, vulnerabilities may be present and used as an advantage point for hackers to gain access to the network. Defense-in-depth strategies will help create risk management to assess certain risks that may be proven as detrimental to a network. The idea behind defense in depth is to manage risk with diverse defensive strategies, so that if one layer of defense turns out to be inadequate

The Debate Over Same Sex Marriage - 979 Words

Dissenting Rhetoric On June 26, 2015, same-sex marriage was legalized across the united states, due to a decision the Supreme Court made; the decision made all state level bans on same-sex marriage were considered unconstitutional, thus overruling the bans. In the dissenting argument on the Supreme Court’s Decision to legalize same-sex couple marriage, Chief Justice Roberts makes a passionate argument revolving around the fact that it was the Supreme Court that made the decision and not the Country. Chief Justice Roberts shows his emotional look on the decision throughout the dissenting argument. During the dissenting article his frustration and anger grows during the moments where his personality was shown through. In the argument, Roberts stated, â€Å"Many people will rejoice, and I begrudge none their celebration. But for those who believe in a government of laws, not men, the majority’s approach is deeply disheartening† (Roberts 2). Roberts is showing though his own emotional outlook that he is not upset nor disappointed in the decision to allow same-sex marriage, but disappointed that the Supreme Court of nine people was allowed to make a decision for a country of fifty states. His disappointment continues, Roberts ends the dissenting argument with a last thought, â€Å"Celebrate the availability of new benefits. But do not celebrate the Constitution. It had nothing to do with it. I respectfully dissent† (29). Roberts shows his anger at the decision, that the choice wasShow MoreRelatedThe Debate Over Same Sex Marriage1334 Words   |  6 Pagesapprove the so-called Federal Marriage Amendment. This would amend the US Constitution to legally define marriage as the union of a man and a woman only. Utah has passed a similar amendment that was ratified by Utah voters in the general election of 2004. 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(Freedom toRead MoreThe Debate Over Same Sex Marriage1555 Words   |  7 PagesFor years on end, same-sex marriage has been a topic of controversy. It has always been an on-going argument; there is the for-side an d there is the against-side. There are many arguments for each side but which side has the most convincing argument? Maybe some of these arguments can be debunked. There needs to be a discussion about the holes in arguments and which side is the most convincing. The history of same-sex marriage was anti-climatic for a long time. It seemed that for too many years itRead MoreEssay The Debate over Same Sex Marriage894 Words   |  4 PagesThe Debate over Same Sex Marriage Legislation is deeply entrenched in language and the continual process of interpretation. Laws are created as a response to cultural and societal needs, wants and norms and are restructured and interpreted as these desires and standards change over time. 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While numerous federal circuit courts have ruled on thisRead MoreSame Sex Marriage Debate Over The Free Speech Clause And Antidiscrimination Law1786 Words   |  8 PagesJournal, the major conflict that exists in this same-sex-marriage-legalization debate is between the free-speech clause and antidiscrimination law. Technically, the people who refused to offer their service to the homosexual people based on their religious belief were not legally wrong according to the first amendment. However, did the homosexual couples do anything wrong? No, they didn’t. They ordered the same services, and they were willing to pay the same amount of money. What they wanted was nothingRead MoreEssay on Marriage Equailty for the LGBT Community1554 Words   |  7 Pagesequality, and particularly, marriage equality. Each individual has their own perception on marriage equality, whether it is based on moral basis, or on a humanistic (humane) basis, which is the belief of not denying anyone the right to be who they are, and therefore love who they love. However, as a society, we must examine the facts, as well as ourselves, as we address the debate for marriage equality for the Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender community. The Debate: Morals v. Humanistic BeliefsRead MoreGay Marriage Essay1744 Words   |  7 Pages 02/02/2012 Legalizing same-sex marriage has been a debate going on for quite some time. The recognition of such marriages is a civil rights, political, social, moral, and religious issue in many nations. Since 2001, ten countries have begun allowing same-sex couples to marry nationwide. In the United States the federal government does not recognize same-sex marriage, but such marriages are recognized by some individual states. Proposition 8 in November

Supply Chain Management on Food Industry-myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about theSupply Chain Management on Food Industry. Answer: Introduction Australia being an agro-Based economy has the agricultural sector providing job opportunities for approximately more than half of the citizens and the entire countrys population. Hill, C. A., Scudder, G. D. (2012). The Australian food market is very competitive as there are many players in the industry. By the change of consumer trends through household demographics, personal desires, technological advancements and customs, the food sellers and other agricultural product providers respond to long-term shifts. Food security has grown into recognition and consideration and is now an established issue for the whole food industry and the globe in general. By definition, food security encompasses going through a proper and sensible evaluation of food security considerations as well as putting into account possible calamities that may arise to the Australian people. This is a situation that comes along when everybody, every time has the best access to adequate, proper and nutritious food that matches their diet requirements to live healthy and recommendable lives. Supply chain management encompasses both supply and materials management from the available unfinished goods to the final products. It focuses on how various enterprises manage their providers procedures, technologies and the ability to provide an advantage in competition with other partners. Beulens, A. J. (2011). It always extends the original intra-organizational activities by encouraging business partners together, all geared towards achieving a similar goal. Supply chain management focuses on the external environment in any given organization. Field of research. This research will enable me to apply my knowledge as this topic will provide me additional know-how and techniques to gather the most accurate and correct information concerning food supply chain management. Interacting with different managers from various food providing organizations will provide a clear understanding of the field and all it entails bearing in mind that this is a very delicate sector which everyone should have a proper and clear knowledge of. From the marketing point of view, I will have the opportunity to interview the managers directly without fear to get to know what has already been done as far as food service industry is concerned and what is yet to be accomplished. Data will also be collecting food production journals, magazines, books and other secondary materials. Media will also be involved when gathering the information. Observation, face to face interviews and questionnaires will also be in use to ease the process of gathering the information from the target population. A sample size of 20 managers who run food service organizations will represent the overall target population through answering of various questions, both orally and through writing in the questionnaires. Research Questions/Aims/Hypothesis With the main objective or aim of the research project being the determination of the supply chain management activities which enable the food provision to acquire and achieve higher overall growth and productivity, below is the research question which will enable the researcher acquire the required information; Which Supply chain management techniques on food industry enables you to achieve your targets of achieving higher overall growth and productivity?. After getting various answers, the researcher will be in a position to analyze and evaluate the answers and come up with the most repeated feedback which is assumed to be the voice of the majority and believed to be accurate and reliable. Search Terms The most important and key terms in this research project include; food supply chain management, growth, and productivity. Food supply chain management is defined as that composition of both supply and utilization of various raw materials from the available unfinished goods to the final products. The actual implementation is also put into consideration. Literature review. Very many researchers have done a lot concerning food supply chain management. The main concern here is to determine the nature of the investigation in supply chain management and actually what really would encompass the sector of supply chain management as one of the management fields in the industry. This research was developed specifically highlight the possible unattended gaps in the business and giving out the possible ways and directions for the accomplishments as well as consolidating current education. On the view that supply chain management is a discipline by itself, it should, therefore, start as a fully pledged sector just like marketing. There is a real need in any sector of research, more so the social one to give the inclusive components of the subject. The origin of supply chain management practices spans from work life conflict experienced by employees and the customers when the demand surpasses the supply. Lambert, D. M., Cooper, M. C., Pagh, J. D. (2014). This can be seen as the inter-role conflict that results when one or more customers feel incompatible with the other areas such as being a spouse, parents, personal issues, etc., with what they cannot have regardless of the capacities and ability to buy attached to them. The concept of supply chain management recognizes that most individuals have multiple roles. It helps minimize the amount of conflict that may arise between the suppliers and the customers and also target antecedents. Food supply chain management has various management similar terms which focus on the same issue, and they include; connectivity sources, management of pipeline supply, quality stream management and finally the value chain management. All the value management have been of great concern to many researchers and both developing and the developed organizations. A lot of investors have majored on the food industry as it is the leading in every economy globally. The supply chain is and should always be viewed as the central unit in any market as far as competitive advantage and analysis are concerned. Georgiadis, P., Vlachos, D., Iakovou, E. (2009) My concern with the finding of the information is focused on the primary capturing of information with the application of primary empirical-descriptive mechanisms. Bearing in mind that the development of a stable and competitive supply chain management has the basic requirement of a more detailed and aggressive research topic, primary sourcing would not provide all the required information, and thus secondary references have not been left out. Journals, magazines, books, internet and other materials will help provide accurate data which will be directly compared to the first-hand information. Many thriving companies may not necessary be focused to improve the sales or other reduce the production costs nor realize high amount of profits but would rather be driven towards promoting the whole supply chain management as an industry by itself since it is the backbone of any organization as well as the determinant factor both for the success and failure of the entire business. Cooper, M. C. (2010). Scientifically a development of a stable food supply chain management needs various developments and procedures which should normally be adjusted to enhance the realization of theoretical models to ease the understanding of the entire phenomenon of food supply chain management. There is an economic pressure brought about by the households which intend to purchase foods for their consumption from home. The suppliers tend to neglect and ignore households purchasing with the notion that they cant reach the level of buying in a lump sum after which they go to retailers and wholesalers and make the purchases. Doukidis, G. (2010). Balancing the supplies by the food supply chain managers will always remain difficult as far as they don't wish to recognize the individual buyers who exercise impulse buying. Nevertheless, most of the grocery producers have majored on the individual buyers at the expense of the organizations buying in bulk to keep in touch and connected to their customers. They always have the knowledge to maintain an equilibrium in supply such that the overall demand is equal to the supply hence enhancing a perfect market competition with other firms producing the same food products. Pagell, M., Wu, Z. (2009). There is also noticeable competition between the local and international food suppliers in Australia. Most of the domestic suppliers have been outdone by the foreigners from overseas especially in the dairy sector (cheese and butterfat), meat, cereals, and animals. A high proportion of approximately 31% of the exports goes unprocessed as a result of unfavorable competition from the outsiders who tend to convince the local buyers to mostly focus on the imports market Mller, M. (2008). Much of the growth of imports has manifested itself as the processed foods ready for human consumption. Other factors which need to be examined for they have affected Australia's basic trade in food products include the inadequacy in the production of the vital goods as a result of poor climatic conditions, a factor that has led to the deterioration of the dairy industry, not forgetting the grain and the wine industry. The volatile situation also being created in the readily available beef cattle. Second ly, there is the increasing realization of labor at low cost resulting in less food production hence affecting the Australian fresh and processed food products negatively. Both Maloni, M. and Brown, M emphasized on corporate social responsibility in the supply chain of food management and acknowledged that good business ethics should be noticeable to all the players in this industry. They also believe that of all the industries, food and agribusiness are the most crucial one which needs much of the attention. Brown, M. E. (2010).In this research, there will be high lecturer engagement who will provide the necessary materials and knowledge on where to begin the exercise. Guidance on some issues also needs the presence of a lecturer. Because this research study requires voluntary human participation, the researcher is needed to conform to professional standards of conduct. The study required the approval of each participant as well as the written and verbal acknowledgment that their responses would be kept confidential. Their physiological and psychological comfort would be considered in all aspects of the focus group and interview sessions, allowing the researcher to balance their research needs while respecting the needs of the participants. The respondents will be briefed about the nature of the study and reminded that they could as much or as little about any given task. All the collected data will be analyzed systematically by choosing the most common responses as the accurate ones. There will be the elimination of those respondents who may seem not to be serious with the exercise. References Bourlakis, M. A., Weightman, P. W. (Eds.). (2008).Food supply chain management. John Wiley Sons Cooper, M. C., Lambert, D. M., Pagh, J. D. (2011). Supply chain management: more than a new name for logistics.The international journal of logistics management,8(1), 1-14. Ellram, L. M., Cooper, M. C. (2010). Supply chain management, partnership, and the shipper-third party relationship.The International Journal of Logistics Management,1(2), 1-10. Georgiadis, P., Vlachos, D., Iakovou, E. (2009). A system dynamics modeling framework for the strategic supply chain management of food chains.Journal of food engineering,70(3), 351-364. Hill, C. A., Scudder, G. D. (2012). The use of electronic data interchange for supply chain coordination in the food industry.Journal of Operations Management,20(4), 375-387. Lambert, D. M., Cooper, M. C., Pagh, J. D. (2014). Supply chain management: implementation issues and research opportunities.The international journal of logistics management,9(2), 1-20. Scott, C., Westbrook, R. (2011). New strategic tools for supply chain management.International Journal of Physical Distribution Logistics Management,21(1), 23-33. Kelepouris, T., Pramatari, K., Doukidis, G. (2010). RFID-enabled traceability in the food supply chain.Industrial Management data systems,107(2), 183-200 Maloni, M. J., Brown, M. E. (2010). Corporate social responsibility in the supply chain: an application in the food industry.Journal of business ethics,68(1), 35-52. Seuring, S., Mller, M. (2008). From a literature review to a conceptual framework for sustainable supply chain management.Journal of cleaner production,16(15), 1699-1710. Sheffi, Y. (2001). Supply chain management under the threat of international terrorism.The International Journal of Logistics Management,12(2), 1-11 Stank, T., Crum, M., Arango, M. (2009). Benefits of interfirm coordination in food industry supply chains.Journal of business logistics,20(2), 21. Pagell, M., Wu, Z. (2009). Building a complete theory of sustainable supply chain management using case studies of 10 exemplars.Journal of supply chain management,45(2), 37-56. Van der Vorst, J. G., van Dijk, S. J., Beulens, A. J. (2011). Supply chain design in the food industry.The International Journal of Logistics Management,12(2), 73-86.